教育大数据的伦理诉求及其实现

Big Data in Education:Ethical Demands and Their Realization

教育大数据是由数据主体、数据客体、教育活动和教育数据四个要素组成的有机整体。教育大数据的伦理诉求具体表征为主观上的自我保护需要和客观上的社会保障需要,明确伦理诉求是治理伦理风险的前提条件。教育大数据的伦理诉求是数据主体和数据客体等结构要素对伦理价值的共同追求,即数据主体以"有用无害"为表征的内生性诉求,数据主体以"责任担当"为表征的外发性诉求,数据客体以"数据权利"为表征的内生性诉求,数据客体以"制度保障"为表征的外发性诉求。四个方面的内涵表征相互关联,形成从低到高的伦理诉求层级。教育大数据伦理诉求的最终实现有赖于教育大数据伦理共同体的建立和维系,即以伦理精神共同体促进共识性伦理信念的形成,以伦理交往共同体打破沟通壁垒、明确责任担当,以行业规范共同体实现数据权利的制度保障,以伦理文化共同体增强大数据技术与教育人文的共通。

Big data in education are composed of such elements as data subjects,data objects,educational activities and educational data. The ethical demands of big data in education,whose representations include the demands for both self-protection and social security,are the prerequisite for the governance of ethical risks,as well as the common pursuit of ethical values by structural elements such as data subjects and data objects. There are four interrelated,escalating ethical demands:the data subjects’ endogenous demand featured by usefulness and harmlessness and their exogenous demand featured by responsibility and obligation,and the data objects’ endogenous demand featured by data rights and their exogenous demand featured by institutional guarantees. The ethical demands can be finally met by depending on the establishment and maintenance of an ethical community of big data in education,namely,reaching a consensus on ethical beliefs by the community of ethical spirit,breaking down communication barriers and clarifying responsibilities by an ethical communication community,guaranteeing the system for data rights by a community of industry standards,and increasing the connections between big data technologies and educational humanities by an ethical culture community.