从松散联结到实体嵌入:职业教育产教融合的困境及其突破

From Loose Connection to Entity Embedding:The Dilemma of and the Breakthrough in the Integration of Industry and Education in Vocational Education

从组织社会学视角出发,职业教育产教融合的本质是在社会主义市场经济体制下,重构职业院校与企业之间的组织关系。在组织间市场关系阶段,职业院校与企业处于松散联结状态,职业教育产教融合会遇到有限理性、不确定性和复杂性、行为投机性、"小数现象"等问题。推进职业教育产教深度融合需要从松散联结到实体嵌入的转变,向组织内科层关系适度回归,将"引教入企"、"引企入教"理念融入职业教育办学实践,发挥企业在职业教育人才培养中的主体作用,让企业深度参与职业教育人才培养的全过程。通过构建有利于技能积累的区域协调性生产体制,实现产业结构形态与经济运行模式的制度匹配。

From the perspective of organizational sociology,the integration of industry and education in vocational education is in essence the reconstruction of the organizational relationship between vocational colleges and enterprises under the system of the socialist market economy. In the stage of the inter-organizational market relationship,vocational colleges and enterprises are loosely connected,and the integration of industry and education will face such problems as limited rationality,uncertainty,complexity,speculative behavior,and the "decimal phenomenon." To deepen the integration of industry and education,we need to promote the transition from loose connection to entity embedding,reconstruct the inter-organizational hierarchical relationship,and apply the concepts of "introducing education into enterprises" and "introducing enterprises into education" to the practice of vocational education. Enterprises should play a major role in the entire process of talents cultivation in vocational education. Through the construction of the regional system for coordinated production conducive to skill accumulation,we will be able to match the industrial structure with the mode of economic operation.