轮状病毒反向遗传学研究进展

Advances in reverse genetics systems for rotavirus

反向遗传学技术可直接在基因水平上对病毒的基因组进行操作,从而快速直接的对病毒复制、致病等机制进行详细的研究。目前,呼肠孤病毒科的多种病毒,例如,哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒(mammalian orthoreovirus,MRV)、蓝舌病毒(bluetongue virus,BTV)等均已利用反向遗传学技术这一有力工具,在病毒各项基础研究中取得了较大进展。但是,对于呼肠孤病毒科轮状病毒属成员,反向遗传学操作系统的构建进展缓慢。自2006年成功建立依赖于辅助病毒的反向遗传学系统开始,直到2017年才成功建立完全只依赖于质粒的反向遗传学系统。本文将对轮状病毒反向遗传学发展过程作一简要综述,并对未来轮状病毒反向遗传学研究方向作一展望,以期为加快轮状病毒的感染机制等基础研究提供技术支撑。

Reverse genetics approaches can directly manipulate the genome of virus at the gene level, making it possible to quickly, directly and thoroughly study the mechanisms of virus replication and pathogenesis. At present, many viruses of the family Reoviridae, such as mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) and bluetongue virus (BTV), have made great progress in basic viral research using the powerful tool of reverse genetics. However, for members of the genus Rotavirus in the family Reoviridae, progress in the construction of reverse genetic systems has been slow. The remarkable reverse genetics system based on helper-viruses was established in 2006, and it was not until 2017 that the entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics system was successfully established. This paper briefly reviewed the development of reverse genetics systems for rotavirus and prospected the direction for future research in order to provide technical support for accelerating the basic research on mechanisms of rotavirus infection.