香港面对“世界改变”的挑战:共通能力的培养

Hong Kong Faces the Challenge of “World Change” : the Cultivation of Common Capabilities

近年,全球探讨教育和课程改革,而核心素养则成为探讨的焦点。2001年,香港以"学会学习:课程发展路向"为主题开展全面的课程改革,其中改革的主导原则是要"教导学生学会学习",强调发展学生的共通能力。香港教育工作者在探讨培养学生共通能力时,常谈及核心素养。核心素养可分为"充实的学识、全面的素养及健康的价值"三方面。本文尝试探讨香港如何审视培养学生的共通能力,以及能力与全球各地之核心素养的关系。首先,作者会探讨核心素养和共通能力的区别;其次,分析香港培养香港学生共通能力的成效;最后,检视培养学生共通能力的挑战。整体而言,香港经过十多年课程改革,部分学校确为学生提供培养共通能力的学习经验,而且校长及教师都认为学生在沟通能力、批判思考能力、创造力、自学能力及习惯等方面都有进步。然而,香港培育学生之共通能力仍有一定限制,包括如何系统地在学科或跨学科中培养学生共通能力以及如何评量学生在共通能力方面的学习成果。

In recent years,core literacy has become the focus of the global discussion on education and curriculum reform.In 2001,Hong Kong launched a comprehensive curriculum reform under the theme of"learning to learn:curriculum development direction".The guiding principle of the reform was to"teach students to learn"with an emphasis on developing students’common abilities.When Hong Kong educators talk about developing students’common abilities,they often talk about core qualities.Core literacy can be divided into three aspects:"substantial knowledge","comprehensive literacy"and"healthy value".This paper attempts to explore how Hong Kong looks at the development of students’common abilities and the relationship between these abilities and core competencies around the world.We first explore the differences between core literacy and common ability.Secondly,the effectiveness of training Hong Kong students in common ability is analyzed.Finally,we examine the challenges of cultivating students’common abilities.On the whole,after more than a decade of curriculum reform in Hong Kong,some schools have provided students with learning experience to develop common skills.Principals and teachers all agree that students have made progress in communication skills,critical thinking skills,creativity,self-learning ability and habits.However,there are still some limitations in cultivating students'common abilities in Hong Kong,including how to systematically cultivate students’common abilities within or across disciplines,and how to evaluate students*learning achievements in common abilities.