摘要
资源国家长期陷于低绩效发展路径的根源并非基于丰裕自然禀赋的“诅咒”,而应归因于制度条件及其在变迁中引致的“路径依赖”。正式规制层面,各国对资源产权参与结构难以实现知识技能的外溢,进而受制于生产能力与经营管理低效困境;非正式约束层面,在寻租文化取向形塑下,资源周期的波动削弱了制度理性,扭曲了激励结构,并引发诱致性制度变迁;实施路径层面,薄弱的跨期承诺所产生的不可预期性抬高了政府与开发企业订立和履行契约的交易成本。可以认为,初始制度条件不仅未能有效抵御或规避资源经济固有的脆弱性,反而很大程度上加剧了这种不确定性的负面溢出,进而提高了制度向正向绩效演进的成本,并最终导致资源国家政治经济生态长期被“锁定”在偏离于可持续发展的低水平均衡中。
The origin of the long-term low-performance development in resource countries is not the curse of abundant natural endowment,but should be attributed to institutional conditions and its“path dependence”caused by changes. On the formal rules level,it is difficult for the countries to realize the spillover of knowledge and skills in the participation structure of resource property rights,which is further hindered by the inefficiency of production capacity and management. At the level of informal restraints, under the shaping of rent-seeking culture orientation,the fluctuation of resource cycle weakens the institutional rationality, distorts the incentive structure,and leads to induced institutional changes. At the level of enforcement characteristics,the unpredictable derived from the weak inter-temporal commitment increases the transaction cost of signing and fulfilling contracts between the government and resource development enterprises. It can be argued that the initial institutional effectiveness has not only failed to effectively resist or evade the inherent vulnerability of the resource economy,but has greatly exacerbated the negative spillover of such uncertainty,thereby increasing the cost of institutional evolution to positive performance,and ultimately leads to the long-term“lock-in”of resource countries’political and economic structure in the low-level equilibrium deviating from sustainable development.
作者
芦思姮
LU Si-heng(Institute of Latin American Studies,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100007,China)
出处
《学术探索》
2019年第8期59-66,共8页
Academic Exploration
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(第一批)(ZDA067)子项目“中拉整体合作研究”
关键词
“资源诅咒”
“路径依赖”
新制度经济学
寻租
跨期可信度
resource curse
path dependence
new institutional economics
rent-seeking
inter-temporal credibility