“双一流”建设中“自定”学科政策的审思

Reflection on the Policy of “Independently-Determined” Disciplines in the “Double First-Class” Project

选取2017年首批入选"一流学科"建设名单中的44个"自定"学科,通过分析后发现:所有"自定"学科全部分布在"985"和"211"高校中,具有"身份世袭"的特征;"自定"学科以理工类学科为主,呈现出"理工化"倾向。结合第三轮和第四轮学科评估结果,比较分析后发现"自定"学科内部及与指定学科之间的学术水平差距大,部分"自定"学科缺乏社会认可度。下一阶段,可以从确立"一流学科"遴选的多元理念、设立"自定"学科的遴选标准和遴选程序、处理好政策激励与学科水平的关系入手,进一步发挥"自定"学科的政策价值。

44 "independently-determined" disciplines, the first batch in the 2017 list of "first-class disciplines", are analyzed in the paper and results reveal that all of them are from the former list of Project 985 and Project 211, showing a "hereditary" feature;and that they are, in a large part, science and engineering disciplines with a clear tendency. After studying and comparing results of the 3 rd and 4 th rounds of discipline evaluation, it is found that there is a considerable gap between independently-determined disciplines and designated ones in academic level, and a gap among the former themselves. Some of the selected "independently-determined" disciplines lack social recognition. In the next stage, we should give full play to this policy of "independently-determined disciplines" from the following three aspects: to establish the multivariate-selection concept of "first-class disciplines", to set up selection criteria and procedures for "independently-determined" disciplines, and to settle the relationship between policy incentives and the discipline level.