大学排名价值取向的比较研究

Value Orientation Comparison of University Rankings

通过国内外10个大学排名的价值取向比较研究发现,大学排名以各自特定的价值理念影响着各利益相关方对高校办学水平与质量的判断。大学排名的评价内容均围绕着大学社会职能和使命,但指标的实质内涵和侧重点各有不同;排名对科研实力的价值倾向非常明显、科研产出与质量是评价衡量大学竞争力的主要指标;排名的评价方式以定量评价、产出性评价为主导;评价指标与评价标准公开程度较高,评价结果的呈现形式趋向多样化,反映着不同的价值取向。研究大学排名的价值取向可以从宏观上把握排名的发展趋势,有助于高等教育利益相关方更加理性、更加全面地解读排名的实质内涵,有利于促进大学结合自身的价值定位和价值判断,准确认识和合理改进改革发展的策略与方向。

Through the comparative study of the value orientation of 10 universities at home and abroad, it is found that the university rankings influence the judgment of various stakeholders on the level and quality of university education. The evaluation content of university ranking revolves around the social function and mission of the university, but the essence and focus of the index are different. The value tendency of ranking to scientific research strength is very obvious, and scientific research output and quality are the main indicators for evaluating the competitiveness of universities. The evaluation method of ranking is dominated by quantitative evaluation and output evaluation;the evaluation index and evaluation standard have higher degree of openness, and the evaluation results tend to be diversified, reflecting different value orientations. Studying the value orientation of university rankings can grasp the development trend of rankings from a macro perspective, help higher education stakeholders to understand the essence of rankings more rationally and more comprehensively, promote universities to combine their own value orientation and value judgment, and understand and improve the reform and development strategies and directions accurately and reasonably.