土壤微生物种群与酶活性对草铵膦和草甘膦胁迫响应的差异

Differences in the Stress Responses of Soil Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities to Glufosinate-ammonium and Glyphosate

[目的]通过研究草铵膦和草甘膦对土壤微生物种群及酶活性的影响,为评价2种除草剂对土壤生态环境效应的差异提供参考。[方法]采用室内培养法研究土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌种群数量及土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和酸性转化酶活性对50~500 mg/kg 5种不同质量分数草铵膦和草甘膦的胁迫响应。[结果]草铵膦和草甘膦对土壤细菌和放线菌种群的生长表现为低剂量促进高浓度抑制;对土壤真菌种群的生长表现为抑制作用;对土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性也表现为抑制作用,且随药剂剂量提高逐渐增强;对土壤酸性转化酶活性草铵膦表现为低剂量促进高剂量抑制,草甘膦表现为随药剂剂量提高促进作用逐渐增强。[结论]土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌,脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、酸性转化酶对2种除草剂胁迫的响应均表现为草铵膦敏感于草甘膦。

[Aims] This study aims to investigate the effects of glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate on soil microbial populations and enzyme activities to provide references for evaluating the influence difference between the two herbicides on soil ecological environment.[Methods] The stress response were studied by indoor culturing method in the population quantities of bacteria, fungi and actinomycete along at the activities of urease, acid phosphatase and acid invertase in soil to glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate with five different mass fractions of 50-500 mg/kg.[Results] The population growth of soil bacteria and actinomycetes were promoted by low concentrations of glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate, but inhibited by high concentrations of them. And the population growth of soil fungi were all inhibited by the two herbicides. The activities of soil urease and acid phosphatase were all inhibited, and the inhibitory effects were gradually enhanced with the concentration increase of the two herbicides. The activities of soil acid invertase were promoted by low concentrations of glufosinate-ammonium, while inhibited by high concentrations. However, The activities of soil acid invertase were promoted by glyphosate, and the promoting effects were gradually enhanced with increase of concentration.[Conclusions] The stress response of soil culturable bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, urease,acid phosphatase and acid invertase to the two herbicides all showed that glufosinate-ammonium is sensitive to glyphosate.