前路解剖型复位钢板固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的初步临床应用

Preliminary clinical application of anterior anatomical reduction plate fixation for atlantoaxial dislocation

目的初步评估寰枢椎前路解剖型复位钢板固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的临床效果.方法采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2016年1月—2017年12月西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的13例寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料,其中男8例,女5例;年龄20~57岁,平均42岁.均经口咽完成复位,并行3D打印寰枢椎前路解剖型复位钢板内固定术,其中12例为首次手术,1例为翻修手术.记录手术时间、术中出血量.测量斜坡枢椎角,观察寰枢椎复位及植骨融合情况.采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分评估神经功能,计算脊髓功能改善率.同时观察并发症发生情况.结果患者均获随访10~30个月[(14.2±5.0)个月].手术时间150~285min[(216.8±36.7)min];术中出血量50~130ml[(80.5±19.7)ml].术前斜坡枢椎角为(113.2±9.1)°,术后为(145.8±6.7)°,平均增大32.6°(P<0.01).解剖复位9例,部分复位4例.末次随访时,患者寰枢椎均骨性融合,愈合时间为(4.6±1.1)个月.术后神经症状均较术前改善,JOA评分术前为(8.7±1.7)分,术后为(14.3±1.2)分,平均提高5.6分(P<0.01).脊髓功能改善率平均为69%.除1例术前寰枢椎骨性融合脱位患者出现脑脊液漏外,术中术后无脊髓、神经、血管损伤或伤口感染等并发症.结论寰枢椎前路解剖型复位钢板固定能够有效复位脱位的寰枢椎,恢复斜坡枢椎角,提高骨性融合率,改善神经功能,可作为后路固定手术的替代或补充方案.

Objective To evaluate the preliminary clinical effect of anterior anatomical reduction plate fixation on the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation. Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the 13 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation admitted to the second affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2016 to December 2017. There were eight males and five females, aged 20-57 years, with an average age of 42 years. All patients received transoropharyngeal reconstruction and atlantoaxial anterior anatomical reduction plate fixation, 12 of which underwent the surgery for the first time but one had the revision surgery. The operation time and intraoperative bleeding were recorded. The angle of the clivus axis was measured, and the reduction of the atlantoaxial spine and the fusion of bone graft were observed. The neurological function was evaluated by Japanese Orthopedic Association ( JOA) score and the improvement rate of spinal cord function was calculated. The complications were also recorded. Results All patients were followed up for 10-30 months [( 14. 2 ± 5. 0) months]. The operation time was 150-285 minutes [(216. 8 ±36. 7) minutes]. The intraoperative blood loss was 50-130 ml [(80. 5 ± 19. 7)ml]. The slope axis angle was (113.2 ±9. 1 )° before operation and (145. 8 ±6. 7)° after operation, with an average increase of 32. 6°( P <0. 01). Anatomical reduction was obtained in nine patients, and partial reduction in four patients. At the last follow-up, the atlantoaxial fusion was obtained in all patients, and the healing time was ( 4. 6 ± 1. 1 ) months. Postoperative neurological symptoms were improved compared with those before operation. The JOA score was improved from preoperative (8.7 ±1.7) points to postoperative (14. 3 ± 1.2) points, with an average increase of 5. 6 points (P <0. 01). The average improvement rate of spinal cord function was 69%. Except for one patient with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, there were no complications such as spinal cord, nerve, blood vessel injury or wound infection after operation. Conclusions Anterior atlantoaxial anatomical reduction plate fixation can effectively restore the dislocated atlantoaxial joint, restore slope axis angle, improve bone fusion rate, and improve nerve function. It can be used as an alternative or supplement to posterior fixation.