慢性阻塞性肺疾病小气道研究进展和临床应用

Research progress and clinical application of small airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

小气道是慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道阻塞及气流受限产生的主要区域,小气道功能的检测在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的早期诊断、病情进展及疗效评估方面均具有重要意义。目前小气道功能评估的方法有肺量计、单次呼吸法、重复呼吸法、脉冲振荡法、高分辨率CT等等,小气道研究的临床应用主要在于诊断与病情评估以及小气道的靶向治疗。本文针对慢性阻塞性肺疾病中小气道的病理生理学特征、小气道功能评估的研究进展和临床应用作一综述。

The small airways are the major lesion sites leading to airway obstruction and airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).The assessment of small airway function is of great significance for the early diagnosis,patient management and therapeutic evaluation of COPD.At present,the methods for evaluating small airway function include spirometry,single-breath washout,multiple-breath washout,oscillometry and high resolution CT etc.The clinical application of small airway research mainly focuses on diagnosis and disease management,as well as targeted treatment of small airways.In this paper,pathophysiological characteristics,progress in evaluation methods and clinical application of small airways in COPD are reviewed.