2018年广东省深圳市一起小学札如病毒急性胃肠炎暴发疫情流行病学分析

Epidemiology of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by sapovirus in a primary school in Shenzhen, Guangdong,2018

目的分析札如病毒所致儿童急性胃肠炎暴发疫情的特点并总结防控经验。方法对2018年广东省深圳市一起札如病毒所致小学急性胃肠炎聚集性疫情进行现场流行病学调查,并采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果疫情发生在一个班级,发病26例(学生24例、老师2例),班级学生罹患率为47.06%(24/51),男、女生罹患率差异无统计学意义。疫情呈点源暴露模式,排除食物和饮用水污染可能,首发病例为传染源,疫情持续2 d。临床表现以呕吐为主(80.77%),病程2~5 d,预后好。15例就诊者中,10例被诊断为呼吸道感染。班级札如病毒感染率为64.71%(33/51),其中隐性感染率为17.65%(9/51)。结论 2018年深圳市该起札如病毒暴发疫情主要传播途径为接触传播,需加强小学急性胃肠炎防控指导。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by sapovirus in children and summarize the experience of prevention and control.Methods The field epidemiological investigation was conducted for an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a primary school in Shenzhen,Guangdong province in 2018.The descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the characteristics of the outbreak.Results A total of 26 cases were detected in one class,involving 24 students and 2 teachers.The attack rate was 47.06% in students(24/51),the difference in attack rate between boys and girls was not significant.The incidence curve indicated a common point-source exposure mode in this outbreak.The possibility of food or water contamination was excluded,the first case in the class was recognized as the source of this outbreak.The outbreak lasted for 2 days.The main clinical symptom was vomiting(80.77%).The course of disease was 2–5 days and the prognosis was good.Among 15 cases seeking medical care,10(66.70%) were diagnosed with upper respiratory infection.The pathogen causing the outbreak was sapovirus indicated by the detection of student’s anal swabs.The etiologic analysis showed that the infection rate of sapovirus was 64.71%(33/51),and the latent infection rate was 17.65%(9/51).Conclusion This acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a primary school in Shenzhen in 2018 was caused by sapovirus,the disease was mainly transmitted through personal contact.It is suggested that the prevention and control of acute gastroenteritis in primary schools should be strengthened.