我国流动人口语言状况的区域特征及其影响因素研究

The Regional Characteristics of the Floating Population’s Language Situation in China and its Influencing Factors

本文基于中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,重点分析了影响流动人口普通话使用和当地方言能力的社会因素。分析显示,流动人口的跨区域流动范围和所流入的方言区是影响其语言使用和能力的最主要因素,这与流动人口母方言和流入地方言、普通话之间的语言距离密切相关。此外,年龄、受教育程度、流动时间、社会经济地位、本地认同等因素也对其语言选择和语言能力产生一定的影响。文章不仅修正了以往主要依据东南沿海地区流动人口语言状况调查的结论,还探索出流动人口语言状况的区域性特征及社会影响因素,为人口流出地的精准推普扶贫和流入地的语言市民化进程带来一些启示。

Based on the data of national survey about dynamic monitoring of floating population in 2014,this paper analyses the social factors which influence the Mandarin usage rate and local dialects proficiency of the floating population.The results show that the cross-regional flow range and dialect area are the main factors affecting the language choice and language proficiency of the floating population.Age,educational status,residence time,socioeconomic status,and local identity also exert an influence on it.This study not only revises conclusions of the previous studies which were drew only based on the language situation of the floating population in the southeast China,but also explores the regional characteristics and influencing factors of the language situation of floating population in China.Practical suggestions for targeted poverty alleviation by promoting Mandarin and language urbanization of the floating population are also proposed.