五大连池矿泉水的微生物特征和生态健康效应

Microbial characteristics and eco-health implication of mineral spring water in Wudalianchi,Northeast China

矿泉水是地下水从含水层中经长期与岩石相互作用形成、富含有益于人体的丰富矿物质和微量元素的一类顶级饮用地下水资源.在水资源污染严重而且生态环境不断恶化的今天,基于新的科技认知手段重新认识矿泉水的生态和健康效应,具有重要意义.黑龙江省五大连池风景区拥有着五大连池旅游疗养业赖以生存和发展的优质矿泉水资源,并且被应用于医疗和保健方面已有百余年历史,但是面临着资源量减少、环境污染等问题的威胁.本文主要针对五大连池矿泉水的形成过程、分布规律、水化学和微生物特征及其健康效应等进行综合评述,侧重其微生物特征的研究进展,提出了未来五大连池矿泉的研究展望.为了更好地保护和利用五大连池矿泉水,建议五大连池周边农场发展绿色生态农业,减少化肥的施用;在开发旅游和疗养资源的同时,要严格建立污染风险的评估和管控体系,减少“新型”环境污染物对地质生态环境的可能污染.

Mineral spring water is a top quality potable groundwater resource formed by long-term groundwater-rock interaction in aquifer.Mineral spring water is rich in minerals and trace elements which are beneficial for human health.Given the current serious water pollution and environment deterioration,it is of great significance to re-recognize the ecological and health effects of mineral water based on new scientific and technological achievement.The Wudalianchi scenic area in Heilongjiang Province has abundant mineral water and peloid resources,which supported the development of tourism and convalescence and have been used in medical and health care for more than 100 years.However,it is threatened by resource reduction,environmental pollution,and other problems.Here,we reviewed the formation process,distribution,hydro-biochemical characteristics and health effects of the Wudalianchi mineral springs,with particular focus on the advances of microbial studies in this area.We also proposed the future research prospective for the Wudalianchi mineral water.To better protect and utilize the Wudalianchi mineral water,it was recommended that a green eco-agriculture practice in reducing chemical fertilizers should be adapted in the surrounding farms of Wudalianchi.Along with the development of tourism and recuperation resources,it is necessary to establish a framework of pollution risk assessment and control,and strictly reduce potential emerging pollutants to eco-geological environment.