甲缘成形术在指甲相连的WasselⅠ、Ⅱ型多指畸形整复中的应用

Application of the nail ridge formation for the wassel type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ thumb duplication with connected nail

目的探讨采用多指切除加甲缘成形的方法治疗有指甲并连的WasselⅠ、Ⅱ型多指的临床效果.方法2013年6月至2018年6月,重庆医科大学附属儿童医院整形外科收治WasselⅠ、Ⅱ型多指伴有多指与主干指指甲并连畸形患儿61例共63个拇指,男39例,女22例,年龄7个月至6岁10个月.采用切除劣势指指骨及指甲,保留指的关节面成形或指骨楔形截骨矫正侧弯,利用多指皮肤成形甲缘的方法进行手术治疗.术后随访拇指外观及功能,采用改良的TADA评分法评分,总分>5分为优,3~5分为良,<3分为差.结果61例患儿伤口均一期愈合,6例后期失访,55例(57指)随访6个月至4年.随访病例指甲宽度均占健侧指甲的80%以上,指甲平整;甲半月对称46指(80.7%);甲缘形态对称40指(70.2%);甲沟偏浅50指(87.7%);所有切口瘢痕在侧方,指腹完整无瘢痕.除6指伴轻度指间关节侧偏,余51指轴向基本正常.所有病例指间关节活动均大于45°.改良TADA评分,优52指,良5指.结论采用多指切除加甲缘成形术的方法修复有指甲并连的WasselⅠ、Ⅱ型多指,术后拇指指甲平整、甲缘形态接近正常,指腹无瘢痕不影响触觉,指间关节活动好,家长接受度高.

Objective To report the clinical outcome for Wassel Type I and Ⅱ thumb duplication with connected nail by excising the extra digit and reconstructing of nail ridge with the flap from the ablated digit. Methods 63 polydactyly of the thumbs in 61 patients with connected nail were treated the procedure by excising of the inferior phalangeal bones and nails and straightening the IP joint by orthroplasty or wedge osteotomy and reconstructing the nail ridge with the flap from the extra digit. The patients were followed up postoperatively for the assessment of thumb′s appearance and function by using the modified TADA scoring. Results All cases acquired primary wound healing and 55 of 63 cases were followed up for 6 months to 4 years. The nails were flat and the width were more than 80% of the contralateral side. Symmetric nail lunula was found in 46 thumbs (80.7%) as well as symmetric nail ridge in 40 thumbs (70.1%), but 50 thumb′s nail grooves were not obvious (87.7%). All incisions were made at the lateral of thumbs and no scars were found in the finger pulps. Except mild IP joint deviation was found in 6 thumbs, the others were roughly normal. The range of motion of the IP joint was more than 45° in all cases. Modified TADA scoring result: 52 fingers were excellent and 5 were good. Conclusions Satisfactory surgical outcome and better parental acceptance can be obtained after the procedures of excising the extra digit and forming of nail ridge, including aesthetics appearance, unaffected sense of touch with finger pulp intact and good mobility of the joint.