江西省监测地区常住居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行现状及影响因素

The prevalence and influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among permanent residents in monitoring areas of Jiangxi Province

目的了解江西省监测地区40岁及以上常住居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)流行现状及影响因素,为江西省COPD防制策略的制定提供依据。方法2015年1-6月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取监测地区2400名40岁及以上的常住居民为研究对象,进行问卷调查、体格检查、肺功能检查和正位X线检查。用SPSS 16.0软件进行χ^2检验和趋势χ^2检验,COPD患病相关因素采用多因素非条件logistic回归进行分析。采用2010年全国人口普查数据对患病率进行标化。结果江西省监测地区40岁及以上常住居民COPD患病率为11.67%(标化率为11.02%);男性患病率为18.36%(标化率为16.86%),女性患病率为4.44%(标化率为4.20%),男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=103.38,P<0.05);随年龄增大,COPD患病率上升,差异有统计学意义(χ^2趋势=96.61,P<0.05)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,COPD患病与高龄(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.38~1.91)、低体质指数(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.22~1.94)、14岁前患肺炎或支气管炎住院(OR=2.30,95%CI:1.10~4.80)、个人呼吸系统疾病史(OR=3.39,95%CI:2.41~4.77)、男性(OR=3.73,95%CI:2.21~6.31)、吸烟(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.01~1.33)和使用生物燃料(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.07~2.27)密切相关。结论江西省监测地区40岁及以上常住居民COPD患病率高,应根据其流行特征和危险因素,采取有针对性的综合干预措施,以降低监测地区常住居民COPD的患病水平。

Objective To investigate the epidemic status and influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)among permanent residents(≥40 years old)in monitoring areas of Jiangxi Province,and to provide the basis for establishing the prevention and control strategy.Methods From January to June in 2015,a multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select 2 400 permanent residents(≥40 years old)in monitoring areas of Jiangxi Province as the subjects.The investigation was performed by the questionnaire,physical examination,pulmonary function test and X-ray examination.Theχ^2 test and trendχ^2 test were used to analyze the data,the influencing factors of COPD were analyzed with multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression method.The used software was SPSS 16.0.The COPD morbidity was standardized by census data of 2010.Results The morbidity of COPD among permanent residents(≥40 years old)in monitoring areas of Jiangxi Province was 11.67%(standardized morbidity was 11.02%);the male morbidity(18.36%)and standardized morbidity(16.86%)were significantly higher than those(4.44%and 4.20%)in females(P<0.05);the COPD morbidity increased with age(P<0.05).Multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression analysis indicated that COPD morbidity was related closely with older age(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.38-1.91),low BMI(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.22-1.94),pneumonia or bronchitis before 14 years old(OR=2.30,95%CI:1.100-4.80),individual respiratory diseases(OR=3.39,95%CI:2.41-4.77),the male(OR=3.73,95%CI:2.21-6.31),smoking(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.01-1.33)and usage of biofuels(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.07-2.27).Conclusion The COPD morbidity among permanent residents(≥40 years old)in monitoring areas of Jiangxi Province was high.Intervention measures should be taken according to the prevalence character and risk factors of COPD to reduce the COPD morbidity level among permanent residents in monitoring areas.