天津市成年居民晚餐能量摄入与超重关系的研究

Association between supper energy intake and overweight in adult residents of Tianjin

目的了解天津市成年居民超重、能量摄入以及一日三餐能量占比情况,探讨晚餐能量摄入与超重之间的关系。方法依托2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测,采用多阶段整群随机抽样法,抽取天津市7个区18岁及以上常住居民1 824名作为调查对象。采用3 d 24 h膳食回顾法、调味品称重法计算出个人膳食中3餐能量摄入量,采用标准方法测量身高、体重。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行t检验、方差分析、χ^2检验和趋势χ^2检验。结果天津市成年居民校正超重率为40.0%,其中69.1%的超重者认为自己体重正常甚至偏瘦。超重者一日三餐能量摄入及总能量摄入均高于体重正常者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。天津市居民一日三餐能量占比为3.0∶3.6∶3.4,早餐能量占比与推荐水平相比尚合理,午餐能量占比相对较低,晚餐能量占比相较偏高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。天津市成年居民总能量摄入为(8 855.63±2 987.38)kJ/标准人日,早、午、晚餐能量摄入分别为(2 690.46±1 100.99)、(3 213.79±1 371.17)和(3 095.92±1 263.01)kJ/标准人日,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。超重者晚餐能量占比达标率(23.5%)低于体重正常者(28.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低、中、较高和高能量摄入组的超重率分别为34.4%、39.1%、39.6%和47.3%,超重率随晚餐能量摄入增加呈上升趋势,趋势变化有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论天津市成年居民超重率较高,超重者体重错误认知比例较高,且超重率随晚餐能量摄入增加而上升,应给予超重者相关健康常识及膳食指导。

Objective To understand the overweight,energy intake and proportions of energy intake for 3 meals each day in adult residents of Tianjin and to explore the relationship between supper energy intake and overweight.Methods According to the Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Monitoring in 2015,the random multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 1 824 adult residents(≥18 years old)from 7 districts of Tianjin as the subjects.The energy intake for 3 meals each day was calculated by the 3 d 24 h dietary review method and the condiment weighing method.The standard method was used to measure the height and weight.The t test,ANOVA orχ^2 test and trendχ^2 test were used to analyze the data.The used software was SPSS20.0.Results The adjusted overweight rate of adult residents in Tianjin was 40.0%,and 69.1%of overweight residents considered that their body weight was normal or even thinner.There were significant differences in three meals energy intake and total energy intake between the overweight residents and normal weight residents(P<0.01).The energy proportion of three meals per day in Tianjin residents was 3.0∶3.6∶3.4,as compared with recommended level,the proportion of breakfast energy intake was reasonable,the proportion of lunch energy intake was lower,and the proportion of supper energy intake was higher(P<0.01).In Tianjin adult residents,the total energy intake was(8 855.63±2 987.38)kJ/a person and a day;the energy intake of breakfast,lunch and supper was(2 690.46±1 100.99),(3 213.79±1 371.17)and(3 095.92±1 263.01)kJ/a person and a day,respectively(P<0.01).The standard-reaching rate(23.5%)of supper energy intake in overweight residents was lower than that(28.8%)in normal weight residents(P<0.05).The overweight rates of low,middle,higher and high energy intake groups were 34.4%,39.1%,39.6%,47.3%,respectively.The overweight rate increased with supper energy intake,change trend enhanced(P<0.01).Conclusion The overweight rate of adult residents in Tianjin was higher.The wrong cognitive proportion of overweight adult residents was higher,and the overweight rate increased with supper energy intake.Health knowledge and dietary guidance should be given to overweight residents.