脑淀粉样血管病及其相关认知功能障碍研究进展

Advances of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and related cognitive impairment

脑淀粉样血管病是临床常见的脑小血管病,以β-淀粉样蛋白在颅内血管壁包括软脑膜、皮质中小动脉和毛细血管中层和外膜沉积为主要病理学特点,可导致认知功能障碍。脑微出血、脑白质高信号、扩大的血管周围间隙和皮质表面含铁血黄素沉积为其特征性影像学标志。目前以对症治疗为主,抗血小板和抗凝治疗仍存争议。

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)is a common cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD)in clinic.It is characterized by the deposition of amyloidβ-protein(Aβ)in the cerebral vascular wall,including small and medium arteries of pia mater and cortex and medium and adventitia of capillaries,which can lead to cognitive impairment.Cerebral microbleeds(CMBs),white matter hyperintensity(WMH),enlarged perivascular space(EPVS)and cortical superficial siderosis are neuroimaging markers of it.At present,symptomatic treatment is the main method.Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy are still controversial.