德意志民族市民阶层的“勤劳美德”发展史研究

A Study on the Evolution of “Industrious Virtue” among the German Civilians

德意志民族发展历史过程中所形成的“勤劳美德”,不仅推动了几个世纪的经济发展,而且也对于市民阶层的成长有不可替代的意义。从中世纪开始兴起的“工匠伦理道德”,在16世纪宗教改革后,与教会所倡导的劳动伦理观相融合,成为市民阶层构建自我意识的支柱。而经过18世纪以“理性、实用”为指导思想的工作伦理观的变迁,到浪漫主义运动兴起之时,“勤劳美德”却遭到了反讽和戏谑式地批判。“勤劳”与“懒惰”,成为启蒙思想者和浪漫派文学家观点迥然相异的分界点。

The “industrious virtue”, formed in the historical development of the German nation, not only boosted their economic development for several centuries, but also played an irreplaceable role in promoting the growth of the German civic class. The “artisan ethics”, rising in the Middle Ages, merged with the labor ethics advocated by the Church after the reformation in the 16 th century, which became the backbone of the civic class to construct their self-consciousnesses. However, after “rationality and pragmatism” became the guiding ideology for labor ethics in the 18th century and till the rising of the Romantic Movement, the “industrious virtue” was ironically criticized.“Diligence” and “indolence” then become a cut-off point for differentiating the enlightenment thinkers from the romantic writers.