PPP模式下城镇供热普遍服务的实证:监管机制视角

The Empirical Analysis on Universal Service Regulation of Urban Heating Under the PPP Mode

随着市场化改革的推进,在城镇供热行业引入以特许经营为主要形式的政府和社会资本合作模式之后,传统的城镇供热模式逐渐失效。普遍服务是垄断性行业监管的重要内容,而城镇供热行业具有显著的公益性垄断行业特征。如何建立新的、与政府和社会资本合作模式相适应的城镇供热普遍服务监管机制成为急需解决的问题。从界定城镇供热普遍服务内涵入手,基于1997-2016年我国北方14省(自治区、直辖市)的相关数据,构建省际面板模型对政府和社会资本合作模式下城镇供热普遍服务监管效果进行实证分析。结果表明,在价格水平和服务质量两个方面,普遍服务监管效果都不理想。因此,在当前政府与社会资本合作的供热模式下,改善城镇供热普遍服务水平,监管应从转变城镇供热定价机制,强化城镇供热企业的成本监审,优化城镇供热普遍服务补贴政策,建立城镇供热普遍服务基金制度,完善城镇供热普遍服务监管体系等方面着手。

The original universal service mechanism of urban heating has become ineffective gradually after introducing the PPP mode. Building the new universal service mechanism of urban heating that corresponding to the PPP mode has grown more urgent. From defining the intension of the universal service of urban heating, this paper selects the annual data of 14 provinces in the North China during 1997 to 2016 and build a interprovincial panel data model to test the efficiency of universal service regulation of urban heating. The result shows that it is not effective in price and quality of universal service. Finally, this paper gives some suggestions on improving the effect of universal service regulation of urban heating under the PPP mode: change the pricing mechanism of urban heating;strengthen the cost supervision to heating enterprises;optimize the subsidy policy of universal service of urban heating;build universal service fund of urban heating;perfect the regulation system of universal service of urban heating.