上部烟叶片结构对烟叶品质和可用性的影响

Influence of Leaf Structure on Quality and Industrial Usability of Upper Leaves

为进一步改善上部烟叶品质和工业可用性,运用感官分析技术,将许昌地区烤烟上部充分成熟烤后烟叶叶片结构进一步细分为疏松、尚疏松、稍密、密、紧密,研究不同档次叶片结构对烟叶品质和工业可用性的影响。结果表明,随着叶片结构由紧密到疏松,烟叶外观品质趋好,疏松最好,尚疏松次之;物理特性趋于适宜,其中疏松和尚疏松叶片密度显著降低;主要化学成分含量和协调性趋于适宜,其中疏松和尚疏松叶片蛋白质含量显著降低,还原糖含量和总糖含量有所提高,且疏松叶片淀粉含量显著降低,糖碱比逐步提高趋于适宜;评吸质量总体评价由中偏下至较好,其中疏松最好,尚疏松次之;工业企业可用性逐步提高,其中叶片结构疏松、尚疏松在一类高档卷烟配方中的可用比例分别为100%、85.71%;叶片结构稍密的烟叶质量一般,主要可用在二、三类卷烟配方中;叶片结构为密和紧密的烟叶质量较差,只能用在四、五类卷烟配方中。不同叶片结构档次的实物样品可以作为培训、指导专业分级、烟叶收购等工作的依据,更是复烤加工中片选不同可用性烟叶的有效参考。

In order to improve the quality and industrial usability of upper leaves and to study the impact of different leaf structure,leaf blade structure of the top six leaves of tobacco plants in Xuchang was divided into groups of loose,slightly loose,slightly dense,dense,very dense..The relationships between leaf structure of different grades and appearance quality,physical characteristics,chemical composition and sensory quality were studied.The results showed that,when the leaf structure changed from tight toward loose,the appearance quality became better,and the loose leaf was the best,followed by the slightly loose leaf.And the physical property tended to be suitable,and the blade density of loose and slightly loose leaves reduced significantly.The chemical composition tended to be suitable,and the protein content of loose and slightly loose leaves reduced significantly,and the total and reducing sugar content increased.The loose leaf’s starch content reduced significantly and sugar/alkali ratio rose gradually.The sensory quality was among the lower middle to good level,and the loose leaf was the best,followed by the slightly loose leaf.The industrial usability rose gradually,and the ratio of loose and slight loose leaf in class I cigarette formula was 100% and 85.71% respectively.The tobacco quality with slight dense structure was medium,which was usually used in class II and III cigarette formula.The tobacco quality with dense and very dense structure was poor,which were only used in class Ⅳ and Ⅴ cigarette formula.The tobacco samples with different leaf structure can be used in training,professional grade guidance,tobacco purchasing,receiving,and the leaf structure is available characteristic index of appearance quality in selecting usable tobacco in redrying and processing.