博贺湾海域海水和生物重金属污染特征和评价

The Characteristic and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Seawater and Organisms of the Bohe Bay

为减少重金属污染和保护海洋生态环境,文章基于2014年10月博贺湾海域的调查数据,分析海水和生物的重金属污染情况,并采用内梅罗指数和目标危险系数评价海水质量和人类食用海产品而摄入重金属的潜在健康风险。研究结果表明:博贺湾海域海水重金属含量总体较低,大部分符合一类海水水质标准;Pb的空间分布不均匀,高值区主要分布于莲头岭附近站位,很有可能是受港口区和产业园区排污的影响;水质等级为较清洁和清洁,海水重金属污染的整体程度较低;生物重金属含量大部分符合一类海洋生物质量标准,生物质量总体较高,其中软体类的重金属含量整体较高且Pb和Cd含量较高,鱼类的重金属含量整体较低但Hg含量较高,所有生物的Cu和Zn含量均较高;各生物重金属污染的目标危险系数均小于1,人类食用生物样品的海产品而摄入重金属没有潜在健康风险。

To reduce heavy metal pollution and protect the marine ecological environment,the samples of heavy metals in seawater and organisms were collected in Bohe bay in October 2014.The ecological risk was assessed with the Nemerow pollution index and the target hazard quotient,respectively.The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in seawater and organisms were at low level,most of the samples were less than the National Seawater Quality Standard of China.Because of the influence of sewage discharge from the port area and industrial park the distribution of Pb was uneven,and the high value area was mainly distributed in the stations near Liantouling.The Nemerow pollution index of the samples were at the clean or light clean level,therefore the heavy metal pollution in seawater was low.The heavy metal content of marine organisms was almost lower than the first standard of marine biological quality,and the biological quality was generally higher.Among them the contents of heavy metals in marine mollusk was at high level,especially the contents of Pb and Cd,the contents of heavy metals in fish was at low level except the Hg,and the contents of Cu and Zn were at high level in all marine organism we collected.The target hazard quotient of the captured organisms were at low level,therefore the living near the Bohe bay were relatively safe,and the human dietary exposure risk was none.