美国载人潜水器的应用和管理及其启示

The Application and Management of Manned Submersibles in USA and Its Enlightenment

为促进我国载人深潜工作和载人潜水器的可持续发展,文章调研美国载人潜水器运营机构及其载人潜水器的应用和管理,重点介绍大学与国家海洋学实验室系统(UNOLS)发挥的重要作用,并提出启示。研究结果表明:美国载人潜水器运营机构主要包括伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(WHOI)、夏威夷水下研究实验室(HURL)和佛罗里达大西洋大学海港分校海洋研究所(HBOI),其中WHOI的载人潜水器升级最多和应用最广,而HBOI的载人潜水器下潜频次最高;WHOI的载人潜水器运营良好,而HURL和HBOI已不再运营,其中固定经费至关重要,技术和服务水平也是影响因素;科学家可通过UNOLS申请应用WHOI的载人潜水器开展下潜作业,操作过程严格、科学和有序,有利于装备资源的高效配置和使用;我国可借鉴相关业务经验,促进载人潜水器及其保障机制的标准化和规范化。

In order to promote the sustainable development of manned deep submergence work and manned submersible technology in China,the paper investigated the US agencies who operate and manage manned submersibles,and brought forward the enlightenment.The research showed that the operators of manned submersibles in the USA mainly include the Woods Hole Oceanographic Research Institute (WHOI),the Hawaii Underwater Research Laboratory (HURL),and the Harbor Branch Oceanography Institute (HBOI) of Florida Atlantic University,among which the manned submersible of WHOI had been most upgraded and widely used,while the manned submersible of HBOI has the highest dive frequency.Currently,the WHOI′s manned submersible operates well,while the manned submersibles of HURL and HBIO have been retired.It was found that the fixed funding for manned submersibles′ sustainable application was essential,and the technical and service level was also an influencing factor.The scientists can apply for the application of WHOI′s manned submersible through UNOLS,while the operation process is rigorous,scientific and orderly,which is conducive to the efficient allocation and use of equipment resources.China can learn from these relevant experience and promote the standardization of manned submersibles and their safeguard mechanisms.