中国煤型铀地质–地球化学研究进展

Advances on geological-geochemical research of coal-type uranium in China

中国铀矿资源缺口巨大,仅靠开发传统铀矿资源无法满足能源和国防建设不断增长对铀资源的需求,煤型铀资源的开发利用可一定程度上缓解对铀资源的需求压力。通过总结近些年煤型铀的研究成果,对我国主要煤型铀矿的含矿点、铀含量范围、含煤地层的形成时代及分布范围进行了归纳,并给出了煤型铀的界定标准(大于或等于40mg/kg),为划分煤型铀矿提供依据;对煤型铀的赋存状态、成矿机制及影响因素进行了较为全面的阐述。综合分析认为我国对煤型铀研究较不足,其中对于微观地质选择过程着力不够,而查明煤中铀富集的微观地质选择过程对于成矿机制的理解至关重要;煤型铀矿化时间和期次研究有待进一步加深,有利于分析煤型铀的矿化模式、揭示煤型铀与伴生砂岩型铀矿之间的成因联系,进而深化对煤型铀矿化机制的理解。

There is a huge gap in uranium resources in China.Only developing traditional uranium resources is unable to meet the increasing demand in energy and national defense construction.The exploitation and utilization of coal-type uranium resources can relieve the pressure of demand for uranium resources to a certain extent.By summarizing the research results of coal-type uranium in recent years,the ore location,uranium content range,formation time and distribution range of coal-bearing strata of major coal-type uranium deposits in China,and the definition criteria of coal-type uranium are given,which provides a basis for the classification of coal-type uranium deposits.The occurrence,metallogenic mechanism and influencing factors of coal-type uranium deposits are comprehensively expounded.Generally speaking,the research on coal-type uranium is insufficient,among which the micro-geological selection process is insufficient,and the identification of the micro-geological selection process of uranium enrichment in coal is very important for understanding the metallogenic mechanism;the study on the time and stage of coal-type uranium mineralization needs to be further deepened,which is conducive to analyzing the mineralization model of coal-type uranium and revealing the genetic association between coal-type uranium and associated sandstone-type uranium deposits.It will further deepen the understanding of the mechanism of coal-type uranium mineralization.