钨合金柱形弹超高速撞击水泥砂浆靶的侵彻深度研究

Penetration depth of hypervelocity tungsten alloy projectile penetrating concrete target

为探索钨合金柱形弹超高速撞击水泥砂浆靶的侵彻深度随撞击速度变化规律,利用二级轻气炮开展了?3.45 mm×10.5 mm的克级93 W钨合金柱形弹以1.82~3.66 km/s的速度撞击水泥砂浆靶的实验,利用CT图像诊断技术获得了侵彻深度和残余弹长随撞击速度的变化规律,对超高速撞击过程进行了数值模拟,结合数值模拟结果进一步分析了超高速撞击物理过程。结果表明:(1)超高速撞击条件下成坑是弹坑+弹洞型;(2)侵深-速度曲线呈现先增大后减小的现象,在弹速2.6 km/s附近存在侵彻深度极大值,约为8.5倍弹长,相对于中低速侵彻的深度并没有显著优势。(3)通过基于数值模拟得到的弹靶界面压力时程曲线将侵彻过程分为4个阶段,其中准定常侵彻阶段和第三侵彻阶段是决定总侵深的主要阶段。(4)随撞击速度增加,弹体侵蚀逐渐剧烈,此时准定常侵彻阶段的侵深变化不大,而第三侵彻阶段中的刚体侵彻部分大幅降低,导致总侵深大幅降低,使总侵深曲线呈现先增大后减小的现象。

In this paper we carried out experiments using two-stage light gas gun with Gram-grade cylindrical tungsten alloy projectiles, impacting concrete targets at velocity from 1.82 km/s to 3.66 km/s ton investigate the cratering mechanism of concrete targets in hypervelocity impact conditions. We obtained the penetration depth and residual length of the projectiles using computerized tomography(CT) and used the numerical simulation results conducted by Euler algorithm to further examine the mechanism of hypervelocity impact, and achieved the following results:(1) The craters were structured by spalling areas and bullet holes;(2) The penetration depth increases at first and then decreases with the increase of the impact velocities, and the maximum penetration depth was 8.5 times that of the projectile length, which showed no significant advantage over low velocity penetration;(3) According to the pressure of the interface of the projectiles and targets, the penetration processes were divided into four stages, of which the quasisteady stage and the third stage were crucial in determining the total penetration depth;(4) When the projectiles were completely eroded with the increase of the impact velocities, the penetration depth of the quasi-steady stages almost remained the same and the penetration depth of the third stage decreased so that the total penetration depth was observed to increase at first and then decrease.