改革开放40年职业教育扶贫历程、特点与展望

Forty Years of Poverty Reduction by Vocational Education since Reform and Opening Up:History,Characteristics and Expectations

教育扶贫是现阶段打赢脱贫攻坚战的关键举措之一,是保证教育公平的基本措施。改革开放以来,我国在职业教育扶贫上不断摸索,出台了一系列职业教育扶贫政策,经历了制度化扶贫、规模化扶贫、全面化扶贫、精准化扶贫四个阶段。扶贫主体由单一主体向多元主体转变,扶贫形式由经济帮扶向扶智扶技术延伸,扶贫对象由学生转向妇女、老人、残疾人士等特殊群体,扶贫措施由面到点一步一步细化。未来,我国职业教育扶贫工作要进一步在扶贫对象、扶贫主体、扶贫项目、扶贫内容上下足功夫,充分利用智力扶贫、资金扶贫,攻克职业教育精准扶贫难题,促进社会公平。

Today, poverty alleviation by education is not only one of the key measures to win the anti-poverty war, but also a basic measure to ensure education equity. Since the reform and opening up, China has been constantly exploring how to alleviate poverty by vocational education, and has issued a series of relevant policies. The poverty alleviation has experienced four stages: institutionalized, large-scale, comprehensive, and targeted poverty alleviation stages. The main body of poverty alleviation once was a single one but now is a pluralistic one. The ways to reducing poverty have extended from economic aid to wisdom and technology aid. The target of poverty reduction has shifted from students to special groups such as women, the elderly, and the disabled, and the measures have been adjusted gradually from helping a whole area to helping an individual. In the future, the work of poverty alleviation by vocational education in China will be focused on poverty alleviation targets, main body, projects, and contents. We will make full use of intellectual and financial resources to help the poor, overcome the problems of targeted poverty alleviation by vocational education, and promote social equity.