日光温室黄瓜生长积温研究

Study on the accumulated temperature of cucumber growth in greenhouse

为定量研究黄瓜生长发育对积温的需求,提高日光温室黄瓜生长的预测能力和种植效益,本文利用多年日常管理下日光温室内小气候和黄瓜生长的观测数据,采用数理统计方法,分析不同年度不同茬口下日光温室黄瓜叶片和果实的生长规律,以及黄瓜叶片和果实生长与所需有效积温的关系,并确定黄瓜植株致死的积温指标。结果表明:整个生育期内,黄瓜叶片数随生育进程呈S型变化,一根黄瓜生长遵循先慢后快的规律;不同茬口的黄瓜叶片每增加一叶所需有效积温均呈不对称“U”型,即叶片生长初期和生长中后期,每增加一叶所需的有效积温多于叶片生长中期所需的有效积温,整个生育期内平均每增加一叶所需8—40℃有效积温为33—37℃·d;一根黄瓜从坐果到采收需要15—35℃的有效积温为110—130℃·d;若温室内反复出现10℃以下、5℃以上的温度条件时,且反复过程所累积的10—5℃有效积温达8℃·d左右时,黄瓜植株即会死亡。上述积温指标在日光温室黄瓜生产中具有现实的指导意义。

In order to study the demand of accumulated temperature for cucumber growth to improve the prediction ability and planting efficiency in greenhouse,this paper analyzed the growth regulation of leaves and fruits of cucumber and their relationships with the effective accumulated temperature in different years and stubbles and determined the dead accumulated temperature of plant,using the long-term observation data in greenhouse and the mathematical statistics method.The results show that the leaf number of cucumbers develops in an S-shaped curve during the whole growth period,following the regulation of growing slow first and then fast.The effective accumulated temperature required to grow an additional leaf during different periods presents an asymmetric "U" shape,that is,the effective accumulated temperature required to grow an additional leaf in the early and middle-late stages of leaf growth is greater than that in the middle stage.The average effective accumulated temperature of 8-40 ℃ required to grow an additional leaf during the whole growth period is33- 37 ℃· d,and that of15-35 ℃ needed from fruit set to harvest is110-130 ℃· d.If the temperature conditions below10 ℃ and above 5 ℃ occur repeatedly in the greenhouse,and the accumulated effective accumulated temperature of 5-10 ℃ reaches about 8 ℃· d during the repeated process,the cucumber plants will die.The above accumulated temperature index has a practical guiding significance in the production of cucumber in the greenhouse.