中国中部典型高山气象站风速的均一性检验及其变化特点

Homogeneity test and variation characteristics of wind speed at two typical high mountainous meteorological stations in Central China

采用二相回归方法并结合台站历史沿革信息,在对中国中部典型高山站南岳和庐山1960—2017年平均风速资料进行均一性检验和订正的基础上,分析其变化特征及其与周边低海拔台站的差异,并利用NCEP/NCAR再分析风速资料对其差异进行验证。结果表明:南岳站平均风速序列存在一个由测风仪器变更而导致的非均一点,而庐山站不存在非均一点;南岳和庐山年及四季平均风速均显著高于周边台站,且高山站以春季和夏季风速最大,而低海拔台站各季节风速差异较小;近58a高山站及周边低海拔台站的年及四季平均风速均呈显著的减小趋势,但高山站的减小速率显著高于低海拔台站;同区域NCEP/NCAR的1000hPa和850hPa平均风速变化的差异与高山站和低海拔台站的差异基本一致,说明中低空和地面风速的这种差异在中国中部地区具有一定的普遍性。

Based on the two-phase regression model and the historical information of meteorological station,the wind speed data from the two typical high mountainous stations of Nanyue and Lushan in Central China during1960- 2017 were tested for their homogeneity and then were corrected.After that,variations of annual-averaged wind speed and their differences relative to the surrounding low altitude stations were analyzed and verified by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.The results indicate that the wind speed series of Nanyue has an inhomogeneous point which caused by wind instrument changes,while no inhomogeneous point is identified in Lushan.The annual and seasonal averaged wind speed in Nanyue and Lushan are significantly higher than that in the surrounding low altitude stations.For the high mountainous stations,the maximum wind speed occurs in spring and summer,and the seasonal differences are small for the low altitude stations.The annual and seasonal averaged wind speed show significant decreasing trends during1960-2017 at the high mountainous stations and low altitude stations,with the decreasing rates in the mountainous stations much higher than that at the low altitude stations.The difference of mean wind speed variations between 850 hPa and1000 hPa from NCEP/NCAR in the same area is basically consistent with the difference between the high mountainous stations and low altitude stations,which suggests that the difference of wind speed between the mid-low altitude and surface has universality in Central China.