我国霾研究进展及公共安全影响应对

The Progress of Haze Research in China and the Response to Public Security

在对我国霾的物理特性、化学特性、成因及预报技术研究等进行综述的基础上,着重分析了霾对公共安全特别是公共卫生健康和交通运输的影响,从预防和治理霾影响公共安全的角度提出了较为系统的对策和建议。研究分析表明:近50a来,我国霾呈现总体增加的趋势,且持续性霾过程增加显著,大部分地区有明显的季节变化,年霾日数分布呈现东部地区多西部地区少的特征。霾的形成污染源是内因,气象条件是外因。霾的发生与城市化程度、气溶胶浓度、空气中的细粒子浓度、大气颗粒物中水溶性离子浓度等呈正相关关系,霾天气发生时气溶胶粒子的吸湿增长会显著影响其消光特性。科学防霾是一项系统性工程,应建立更具权威性、系统性、有效性及可操作性的霾及其灾害影响公共安全的防治体系。未来应从环境角度和污染源对霾的贡献率等方面加强霾的研究。

Based on the comprehensive review of the physical characteristics,chemical characteristics, causes and forecasting techniques of haze in China, this study aims to tackle the following questions: analyzes the impact of haze on public safety, especially on public health and transportation;puts forward systematic countermeasures and suggestions from the perspective of preventing and controlling the impact of haze on public safety. In 50 years, the haze in China has shown an overall increase trend, and the continuous haze process has increased significantly. Haze has obvious seasonal changes in most parts of China,, and annual haze distribution shows the characteristics of many Western regions in the East. The haze caused by pollution source as the internal reason, and the meteorological conditions are the external factor. The occurrence of haze is positively correlated with the urbanization, aerosols concentration, the small particles concentration and the concentration of water-soluble ions. The moisture absorption growth of aerosol particles during haze weather will significantly affect their extinction characteristics. Scientific prevention from haze is a systematic project, which involves the scientific preparation of regional defense planning, the overall coordination mechanism, the effective action to reduce haze, the strong scientific and technological support, perfect policies and regulation guarantee and many other aspects of the work. A more authoritative, systematic, effective and operational system of the haze should be established to prevent smog and its disasters from affecting public safety. In the future, the study of haze should be strengthened from the environmental perspective and the contribution rate of pollution sources to haze.