氮磷钾配比施肥对油茶花芽生长及分化的影响

Effects of N, P and K proportional fertilization on flower bud growth and differentiation in Camellia oleifera

为给油茶高效栽培提供参考,选择8年生‘长林53号’油茶作为研究对象,按照3因素3水平L9(34)正交试验设计进行施肥试验,筛选最适油茶花芽分化及生长的施肥配比。施加的氮磷钾肥分别为尿素、钙镁磷肥、硫酸钾肥,其有效成分分别为有效氮(质量分数≥46.4%)、P2O5(质量分数≥12%)、K2O(质量分数≥51%)。结果表明:施加氮肥能显著促进花芽伸长,提高花芽分化率的最佳氮磷钾施肥量为N218.23g/株、P71.00g/株、K242.48g/株;在花芽生理分化期(前分化期),施肥处理显著提高了花芽中ABA和ZR含量,ABA和ZR含量与花芽分化率显著正相关;在花芽形态分化期,施肥处理下ABA含量呈现下降趋势,ZR、IAA和GA3含量呈现增加趋势,氮、磷、钾与多数形态分化期内源激素含量呈显著相关。施肥能促进花芽生长,并且通过影响花芽中内源激素含量来影响花芽分化。

In order to provide a reference for efficient cultivation of C. oleifera, eight-year-old C. oleifera ‘Changlin-53’ was selected as a research object, fertilization tests were carried out according to orthogonal design L9(34) with 3 factors and 3 levels, and the optimum fertilization proportion for flower bud differentiation and growth of C. oleifera was selected. Applied N, P, K fertilizers were urea, Ca/Mg/P fertilizer, K2SO4 fertilizer, and their active ingredients were effective nitrogen (mass fraction ≥ 46.4%), P2O5 (mass fraction ≥ 12%), and K2O (mass fraction ≥ 51%), respectively. The results showed that applying N fertilizer could significantly promote flower bud growth, and the optimum fertilizer amount per plant for enhancing flower bud differentiation rate was N 218.23 g, P 71.00 g, K 242.48 g. In physiological differentiation stage of flower buds (predifferentiation stage), fertilization could significantly increase ABA and ZR contents in flower buds, which were significantly positively correlated with flower bud differentiation rate. In morphological differentiation stage of flower buds, ABA content showed a downward trend and contents of ZR, IAA and GA3 showed a upward trend after fertilization treatment, N, P and K were significantly correlated with contents of endogenous hormones during most morphological differentiation stages. Fertilization could promote flower bud growth and influence flower bud differentiation by affecting endogenous hormone contents in flower buds.