猕猴桃园套种蕺菜对土壤养分、酶活性及果实品质的影响

Effects of intercropping Houttuynia cordata on soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity and fruit quality in kiwifruit orchard

为了提高猕猴桃果实产量与品质,在猕猴桃园以套种蕺菜、清耕和对照作为试验处理,测定不同时期猕猴桃根际土壤养分含量、微生物数量、酶活性和果实产量及品质,分析其相关性。结果表明:套种蕺菜后猕猴桃根际土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别比对照处理提高13.95%、7.92%和3.94%,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别提高19.01%、28.89%和16.32%,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性分别提高17.02%、12.63%、17.57%和7.98%,单果质量和单位面积产量分别提高7.14%和7.68%,维生素C、干物质、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖和可滴定酸含量分别提高7.97%、18.29%、2.09%、12.37%和14.18%。相关性分析结果表明,套种蕺菜后猕猴桃根际土壤速效钾含量与土壤中细菌数量、真菌数量、放线菌数量、脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、磷酸酶活性极显著正相关。土壤细菌数量与蔗糖酶活性显著正相关,与磷酸酶活性极显著正相关。土壤真菌数量与蔗糖酶活性极显著正相关。土壤放线菌数量与蔗糖酶活性、磷酸酶活性显著正相关。土壤速效磷含量与维生素C含量、可滴定酸含量极显著负相关,与干物质含量、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性总糖含量极显著正相关。土壤细菌数量、放线菌数量与维生素C含量极显著负相关。土壤真菌数量与维生素C含量显著负相关。土壤脲酶活性与干物质含量显著正相关,与可滴定酸含量显著负相关。维生素C含量与土壤蔗糖酶活性极显著负相关,与土壤磷酸酶活性显著负相关。套种蕺菜有利于提高猕猴桃根际土壤养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性,增加猕猴桃果实产量,改善猕猴桃果实品质。

In order to promote yield and quality of kiwifruits, three treatments of intercropping Houttuynia cordata, clean tillage and control were planed in kiwifruit garden, soil nutrient contents, microbe quantity, enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil of kiwifruit trees were determined at different growth periods, and correlations between the parameters were analyzed. The results showed that contents of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in rhizosphere soil of kiwifruit trees were increased by 13.95%, 7.92% and 3.94% compared with the control, respectively. Quantities of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil were increased by 19.01%, 28.89% and 16.32% compared with the control, respectively. Catalase, urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities in soil were increased by 17.02%, 12.63%, 17.57% and 7.98% compared with the control, respectively. Single fruit mass and yield per unite area were increased by 7.14% and 7.68% compared with the control, respectively. Contents of vitamin C, dry matter, soluble solids, soluble total sugar and titratable acid were increased by 7.97%, 18.29%, 2.09%, 12.37% and 14.18% compared with the control,respectively. Based on correlation analysis, available potassium content was very significantly positively correlated with bacteria quantity, fungi quantity, actinomycetes quantity, urease activity, sucrase activity and phosphatase activity. Bacteria quantity in soil was significantly positively correlated with sucrase activity, and very significantly positively correlated with phosphatase activity. Fungal quantity in soil was very significantly positively correlated with sucrase activity. Actinomycetes quantity in soil was significantly positively correlated with sucrase activity and phosphatase activities. Available phosphorus content in soil was very significantly negatively correlated with vitamin C content and titratable acid content, and it was very significantly positively correlated with dry matter content, soluble solids content and total soluble sugar content. Bacteria quantity and actinomycetes quantity in soil were very significantly negatively correlated with vitamin C content. Fungi quantity in soil was significant negative related with vitamin C content. Urease activity in soil was significantly positively correlated with dry matter content, and significantly negatively correlated with titratable acid content. Vitamin C content in soil was very significantly negatively correlated with sucrase activity, and was significantly negatively correlated with phosphatase activity. Intercropping H. cordata was beneficial to improve nutrient content, microbial quantity and enzyme activity in kiwifruit rhizosphere soil, and increase yield and quality of kiwifruit.