贵州不同种源棕榈苗期生长性状比较及评价

Comparison and evaluation of growth characteristics in Trachycarpus fortunei seedlings from different provenances in Guizhou

为给贵阳地区棕榈人工造林的优良种源选择提供参考,以贵州省内遵义、毕节等18个市(县)的棕榈种子为试验材料,采用大田育苗的方法进行培育。对不同种源2年生棕榈苗的地上部分和地下部分的生长指标进行观测,并采用聚类分析法对棕榈种源进行类别划分,对其与种源地地理位置的相关性进行分析,采用主成分分析法对18个种源棕榈苗的生长性状进行综合评价。结果表明:不同种源2年生棕榈苗的高、地径、总根长、主根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根尖数及总生物量等指标均有显著差异(P<0.05),各指标的变幅分别为28.78~51.09cm、8.40~21.93mm、37.41~85.02cm、14.73~41.20cm、127.13~362.82cm2、5.52~19.55cm3、902~1536、4.64~12.32g。聚类分析结果表明,18个种源可分为2大类,其中罗甸、兴义、毕节为苗期生长性状表现较好的一类。相关性分析结果表明,原产地是低纬度和湿润地区的棕榈苗在试验区生长表现较好。主成分分析及综合得分排序的前3名分别为罗甸、兴义、毕节种源,与聚类分析结果一致。初步评价出罗甸、兴义和毕节种源为贵阳地区首选的棕榈种源。

In order to provide some references for selection of fine provenances for artificial afforestation of Trachycarpus fortunei in Guiyang, we used T. fortunei seeds from 18 cities (counties) in Guizhou Province as experimental materials, and cultivated seedlings in field. We observed and measured growth indexes above-ground and underground parts of towyear T. fortunei seedlings from different provenances, classified T. fortunei provenances by using cluster analysis method, analyzed correlation of growth indexes and geographical location of provenances, and comprehensively evaluated growth characteristics in T. fortunei seedlings from 18 provenances by adopting principal component analysis method. The results showed that the indexes of height, ground diameter, total root length, main root length, total root surface area, total root volume, root tip number and total biomass in two-year T. fortunei seedlings from different provenances had significant differences (P < 0.05). Variation amplitudes of the indexes were 28.78-51.09 cm, 8.40-21.93 mm, 37.41-85.02 cm, 14.73-41.20 cm, 127.13-362.82 cm2, 5.52-19.55 cm3, 902-1 536, 4.64-12.32 g, respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed that the 18 provenances were divided into two clusters, among which Luodian, Xingyi and Bijie were in the provenance cluster with better growth characteristics at seedling stage. The results of correlation analysis showed that T. fortunei seedlings growing at low-latitude and humid areas were better. According to the results of principal component analysis and comprehensive score ranking, the first three provenances were Luodian, Xingyi and Bijie, respectively, which was consistent with the results of cluster analysis. Luodian, Xingyi and Bijie provenances were the first choice in Guiyang.