围手术期限制性红细胞输注的研究进展与指南对比

Perioperative Restrictive Red Blood Cell Transfusion:Recent Advances in Research and Clinical Guidelines

围手术期限制性输血策略认为异体红细胞输注的阈值可放宽至外周血血红蛋白浓度(Hb)<7~8 g/dl。限制性输血不仅有助于节约库存血,也可减少感染、免疫、容量负荷等方面的输血不良反应。从病生理角度,由于机体存在增加心输出量、调节血红蛋白与氧的结合率、扩张肺血管等代偿机制,故一定范围内Hb的下降未必导致缺氧。在接受髋关节手术、感染性休克和上消化道出血的患者中,限制性输血可使其获益;而在合并冠心病或接受心脏手术患者中,限制性输血可能与不良预后相关。多个学会发布的指南从不同角度推荐了限制性红细胞输注的适用范围,其中多将Hb<7 g/dl作为异体红细胞输注的指征之一,对Hb 7~10 g/dl者需依据预期出血量、患者代偿能力和代谢率具体分析。

Perioperative restrictive red blood cell(RBC)transfusion strategy,in which a trigger of hemoglobin(Hb)<7 g/dl is used,is of great benefits to save blood storage and reduce transfusion-related adverse events including infections,immunologic risks,and circulatory overload.Human body can display a series of compensatory mechanisms to acute anemia,including increased cardiac output,favored oxyhemoglobin dissociation,and lung vascular dilation.Therefore,moderate Hb decrease does not necessarily lead to hypoxemia.Patients undergoing hip surgery or suffering from septic shock and/or upper gastrointestinal bleeding can benefit from restrictive RBC transfusion;however,restrictive transfusion may be associated with adverse outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease or undergoing cardiac surgery.Restrictive RBC transfusion strategies have been included in described in many different guidelines.Most of them recommended Hb<7 g/dl to be a trigger for allogeneic RBC transfusion.For patients with an Hb of 7-10 g/dl,the application of restrictive RBC transfusion should be based on the expected blood loss,compensatory ability,and metabolic rate.