雌雄灰海马和三斑海马营养价值与功能性成分对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of Functional Components and Nutritional Values of Female and Male Hippocampus erectus and H. trimaculatus

分析海马营养价值与功能性成分含量,探究因性别不同而产生主要成分的差异,对雌雄灰海马(Hippocampus erectus)和三斑海马(H. trimaculatus)营养及功能成分的含量进行测定,并评价其营养价值。结果表明:1)海马粗蛋白含量(干质量)较高,平均高达(60.61±2.83)%,粗脂肪含量(干质量)较低,平均为(3.04±0.26)%。雌雄海马的基本营养成分无显著差异。2)雌雄海马氨基酸组成一致,含量相差不大。海马的7种必需氨基酸略低于FAO/WHO建议的氨基酸需求,限制氨基酸包括缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸。雌海马的氨基酸评分、化学评分和必需氨基酸指数均高于雄性。3)雌雄海马脂肪酸组成一致,雌海马的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)总量均显著高于雄性。海马n-3 PUFA含量相对较高,n-6/n-3值介于0.14~0.18之间,动脉粥样硬化指数和血栓形成指数明显高于低冠心病发病率的爱斯基摩人饮食。4)雌海马胆甾醇和次黄嘌呤含量显著高于雄性,尿苷含量低于雄性。综上所述,灰海马和三斑海马可作为较优的蛋白质和n-3 PUFA来源。此外,除尿苷含量低于雄性,同种雌海马的营养成分和主要功能性成分(胆甾醇和次黄嘌呤)含量均高于雄性。研究结果为特异性开发海马产品提供了科学依据。

We determined and compared the contents of nutritional and functional ingredients in males and females from two major seahorse species, Hippocampus erectus and H. trimaculatus, and we also evaluated their nutritional values. The results showed that: 1) the major component of the seahorses was crude protein(on a dry mass basis), which averaged at(60.61 ± 2.83)%, and the crude fat(on a dry mass basis) was relatively lower with an average of(3.04 ± 0.26)%, no significant differences being seen between the genders within a species;2) the male and female seahorses were similar in amino acid composition, of which the seven essential amino acids were slightly lower as compared with the FAO/WHO recommended pattern. Within a species, the amino acids score, chemical score and essential amino acid index of the females were higher than those of the males. We also found the limited amino acids, including valine, isoleucine, methionine and cysteine, in the seahorses;3) the fatty acid compositions in the seahorses were consistent regardless of gender, and the total contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) of the females were significantly higher than those of the males within a species. The ratios of n-6/n-3 PUFA of the two species were0.14–0.18, and they were n-3 PUFA-rich food. The indexes of atherosclerosis and thrombosis were significantly higher than those in the Eskimo diets, which are considered as healthy food for preventing coronary heart disease;4) the contents of cholesterol and hypoxanthine in the female seahorses were significantly higher than those in the males, while the uridine content in the females was lower than in the males. These results indicate that H. erectus and H. trimaculatus can be used as superior sources of protein and n-3 PUFA. In addition, the gender difference in the contents of nutrients and main functional components(e.g. cholesterol and hypoxanthine), suggests that monosex culture may be a good practice in seahorse aquaculture.