山洪灾害监测预警技术研究及发展趋势综述

Review and development trend on mountain torrents disaster monitoring and pre-warning research and technologies

山区城市化进程加快、生态环境恶化、极端水文事件增加造成山洪灾害日益严重,已成为制约山丘区社会经济发展的重要因素。针对当前山洪灾害监测预警技术研究现状,综述了山区暴雨洪水过程模拟、山洪灾害监测预警技术研发和防灾减灾模式构建的最近进展。在综述国内外研究现状的基础上,提出了山洪灾害监测预警技术研究的发展趋势,包括从机理研究、技术研发、模式构建和应用示范等方面开展监测预警关键技术攻关;充分发挥物联网技术在山洪灾害防治领域的作用;采用"自然-社会"二元山洪灾害防治范式。研究成果可为山洪灾害防治体系升级改造提供科技支撑。

Influenced by the rapid urbanization process, deterioration of ecological environment, increment of extreme hydrological events, mountain torrents disaster become serious, restricting the society and economy development in mountain area. Based on the current studies on mountain torrents disaster monitoring and pre-warning, the progress on precipitation-runoff simulating, disaster monitoring and pre-warning technology, construction of disaster prevention system were reviewed. And the development trends were also issued:(1) promoting integrated research including mechanism research, technology development, mode construction and application demonstration;(2) fully applying internet of things technology in disaster prevention;(3) adopting the two fold disaster prevention mode based on nature and society factors. The research results can provide scientific and technological support for the upgrading and transformation of the disaster prevention and control system of mountain torrents disaster.