青海丹霞地貌的分布、特征及演化

Distribution,Characteristics and Evolution of Danxia Landform in Qinghai

中国丹霞地貌发育,主要分布在西南、东南和西北3个片区。东南和西南地区丹霞地貌研究成果颇丰,但对西北地区丹霞地貌的研究不足。青海省丹霞地貌属中国丹霞地貌西北片区,青海丹霞地貌分布广,类型丰富,色泽鲜艳,具有极高的科研价值和美学观赏价值。笔者通过“西北地区重要地质遗迹调查(青海)”项目的实施,用3年时间对省内丹霞地貌做了详细调查研究。青海丹霞地貌分布在东部黄河流域、南部澜沧江流域、西部柴达木盆地周边的部分地区和东北部黑河流域。丹霞地貌具有“顶平(斜)、身陡、麓缓”、色泽鲜艳、类型多样的特征;成景地层为白垩系、古近系和新近系;所处气候区分为干旱区、半干旱区和半湿润区;丹霞地貌造型奇特,具有高原干旱区粗狂的美感,处于待开发状态,交通便利。研究青海省丹霞地貌的分布、特征及演化将对了解和认识西北地区丹霞地貌具有重要意义,同时对于青海省以丹霞地貌为主题的地质公园申报、建设和旅游开发具有重要意义。

The Danxia landform is well developed in China, which is distributed in the Southwest of China, the Southeast of China and the Northwest of China. The research of Danxia landforms in Southeast China and Southwest China are quite fruitful, but the ones in Northwest China are insufficient. The Danxia landform of Qinghai province spetially is located in Northwest China, with widely distribution, rich types and bright colors, having high scientific research value and aesthetic appreciation value. Through the implementation of the “Investigation of Important Geological Relics in Northwest China (Qinghai)” project, a detailed investigation on the Danxia landform of Qinghai province has been conducted in three years. The Danxia landform of Qinghai province is mainly distributed in the Guide basin and Xining basin of the Yellow river drainage basin in east, the Angsai area in Zadoi County of Lancang river drainage basin in south, the Qaidam basin in west and the Zhuoer mountain in Qilian County of Heihe river drainage basin in northeast. The Danxia landform in Qinghai province has typical characteristics of flat top or slope, steep body, slow foot. They are occurred in Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene strata, and most of them are located in a semi-arid climate zone, and few in arid and semi-humid climate zone. Based on the different exogenous forces at various evolution stages, the Danxia landform there can be divided into four stages: infancy, youth, middle age and manhood. The infancy closely related to structure and water erosion, while the youth, middle age and manhood are closely related to physical weathering and rainwater scour. The Danxia landform in Qinghai province is well preserved and under development, meanwhile Qinghai has convenient transportation. The study on distribution, characteristics and evolution of the Danxia landform in Qinghai province will be of great significance to the application, construction and tourism development of geoparks with the Danxia landform as the theme.