从袁枚《子不语》看明清小说中的“佛道合一”现象

The Phenomenon of Buddhism and Taoism in the Novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties from Yuan Mei’s “Confucius Does Not Speak”

袁枚的《子不语》收集了各种怪力乱神的故事,其中多有涉及僧道之作。这些故事中出现了僧道混居、僧道身份轻松互换、僧道教义趋同等特征,从中折射出从汉代以来已见端倪的佛道合一现象,在佛道自身世俗化、统治者提倡和老百姓诉求等原因之下,佛道的界限越来越模糊化,这一现象在明清其他小说中也多有反映。

Yuan Mei’s“Confucius does not speak”collected various stories about gods and ghosts,many of which involve Bud-dhism and Taoism.These stories have the characteristics of the mixture of Buddhism and Taoism,the easy exchange of Buddhist and Taoist identities,and the convergence of Buddhist and Taoist doctrines reflects the phenomenon that Buddhism and Taoism have been in harmony since Han Dynasty.Due to the secularization of Buddhism and Taoism,the rulers advocate and the people’s appeal,the boundaries between Buddhism and Taoism are becoming more and more blurred,which is also reflected in other novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties.