山西沁水下川遗址小白桦圪梁地点2015年发掘报告

THE EXCAVATION OF THE XIAO BAIHUA GELIANG LOCALITY OF XIACHUAN SITE IN QINSHUI SHANXI IN 2015

山西沁水下川遗址是一处重要的旧石器时代晚期文化遗址,包括水井背、棠梨树圪梁、小白桦圪梁、富益河圪梁、牛路圪梁和黑龙池等地点。自二十世纪七十年代发现以来,备受国内外学术界关注,下川遗址发现了当时被认为中国最早的细石器文化〔1〕。但是,由于目前公布的材料把在上述范围内采集或发掘的材料混合在一起〔2〕,故对下川文化的内涵和年代,学术界一直存在争论。虽然也有学者按照不同地点采集了大量标本,但因这些标本均出自地表〔3〕是否能反映各地点的真实情况,也有待进一步工作。

The Xiao Baihua Geliang (Little Birch Ridge) Locality of the Xiachuan Site is located on a ridge to the east of a road between the Xiachuan and Liangshan Villages in Xiachuan Basin in Qinshui County, Shanxi. The ridge stretches from the piedmont area on the east side of the basin to the side of the road.In 2015,School of History of Beijing Normal University and Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology conducted joint excavation at the gentle piedmont area on the east side of the basin, which uncovered areas of,90 sq mintotal, including three 5m × 5 m excavation grids and one 3m × 5m excavation grid and unearthed 2691 lithic products.Estimated by stratigraphy, absolute date and cultural properties, the Xiao Baihua Geliang Locality is dated as from 30 ka BP-25 ka BP and including two cultural layers : the early culture is the traditional simple core-flake culture in North China, the date of which is earlier than 30 ka BP;the types of implements of this layer include round scraper, side scraper, splintered piece, bee, denticulate and chopper. The late culture is the blade-microblade culture, the date of which is 27 ka BP-25 ka BP;the types of the microcores are mainly boat-shaped microcore, subconical microcore,conical microcore, wedge-shaped microcore ,etc.Blade cores present a small number, but seen from the blanks for making implements ,some stone implements were made out of blades;the main types of the stone implements are side scraper, round scraper, burin, triangular point, splintered piece, etc., plus a few notched scraper, denticulate, etc?,but they are not typical. Through comparative study on the blade-microblade cultures of the same time in Altay area, southern Siberia9 northern Mongolia, Far East area of Russia, and Northwest, Northeast and North China, this paper suggests that the appearance of the blade-microblade cultures during 27 ka BP一25 ka BP represents an expansion event of modern humans from Mongolia and Far East area of Russia to Northeast and North China.