煤沥青基多孔炭材料的研究进展

Research progress of coal-tar pitch based porous carbon materials

我国能源结构是"富煤、贫油、少气",发展煤化工资源化利用技术对于保障国家能源安全不仅具有重要的战略意义,也有着广阔的市场前景。煤焦油,作为钢铁行业炼焦的副产物,主要由稠环芳烃组成,并且碳含量相对较高,目前主要以燃烧为主,带来了一系列能源和环境问题,因此实现煤焦油资源高效利用是急需解决的行业难题。从煤焦油出发制备功能性炭材料是探索煤焦油高附加值利用的有效途径,介绍了以煤沥青为原料合成多孔炭材料的主要技术和应用前景。分析表明,通过活化法或模板法等技术手段可实现炭材料比表面积和孔结构调控,但由于煤沥青原料的特点,单一的手段难以满足高性能炭材料的发展要求,因此,通过精细化工技术对煤沥青分子结构进行调控,改善煤沥青分子结构及其物理、化学性质,对于煤沥青基炭材料发展具有重要意义。

Our country energy structure is "rich coal, less gas, lack of oil". Developing coal chemical resource utilization technology not only has important strategic significance for national energy security, but also has broad market prospects. Coal-tar, as a by-product of coking in the steel industry, is mainly composed of condensed aromatic hydrocarbons and has a relatively high carbon content. At present, it is mainly based on combustion, which brings a series of energy and environmental problems. Therefore, the efficient use of coal-tar resources is an industry problem that need to be solved urgently. The preparation of functional carbon materials from coal-tar is an effective way to explore the high value-added utilization of coal tar. In this paper, the main technology and application prospects of synthesizing porous carbon materials from coal-tar pitch were introduced. Analysis shows that the specific surface area and pore structure of the carbon material can be controlled by activation or template methods. However, due to the characteristics of coal tar raw materials, a single method is difficult to meet the development requirements of high-performance carbon materials. Therefore, adjusting the molecular structure of coal tar pitch by fine chemical technology, improving the molecular structure to change the physical and chemical properties of coal tar pitch is of great significance for the development of coal-tar pitch based carbon materials.