民国时期大学通识教育课程的现状与特征(1938—1948)

The Status Quo and Features of General Education Curricula in Universities during the Period of Republic of China (1938-1948)

1938-1948年间,当时南京国民政府的教育部着手开始整理和规范大学课程设置,试图为通识教育课程的开设提供国家规定和标准,其核心标志即文、理、法等学院共同必修科目表的陆续颁布。文章主要以私立辅仁大学、国立中山大学、国立浙江大学为例进行分析,认为这一时期大学通识教育课程具有以下特点:以培养“完整的人”作为其课程目标;在课程结构上呈现出统一而全面的特征;课程内容体现出鲜明的智德并重倾向;在课程实施中比较关注课程实施的质量;在课程管理上通过统一共同必修科目加强对课程的掌控;在课程评价上较为注重学生的学习质量。

From 1938 to 1948, the Ministry of Education of the Nanjing Nationalist Government began to organize university courses and promulgated a list of compulsory subjects for all colleges, which provided national regulations and standards for the arrangement of general education courses in universities. Taking Fu Jen Catholic University, National Sun Yat-Sen University and National Chekiang University as examples, this paper opines that the general education courses in that period have the following characteristics: the curriculum objectives focus on training "complete persons", and the curriculum structure is unified and comprehensive, while both intelligence and morality are stressed in the curriculum content. Moreover, quality is emphasized in the curriculum implementation, and common compulsory subjects are unified in the curriculum management as well as due attention is paid to students’ learning quality in the curriculum evaluation.