CPTPP环境规则:承诺、创新及对我国法完善的启示

CPTPP environmental rules:Commitment,innovationand enlightenment to the perfection of China’s law

环境与贸易的冲突与协调是当前国际社会的焦点问题,现有机制与规则主要体现在WTO体系、MEAs和RTAs中,但仍有很多关键性问题未能解决。CPTPP环境承诺体现了高标准,试图实质性解决现有规则零散、空泛的缺陷,并对禁止过度性渔业捕捞和IUU捕捞的补贴等关键问题达成一致意见,试图强化各成员对MEAs义务的遵守,加强了各成员的物种保护义务并拓展了保护的范围。CPTPP在相关概念与目标、缔约方在环境法规与措施方面的主权权利、公众参与制度与程序、争端解决程序等方面体现出很多的承诺创新。我国应在国内法规方面依经贸发展与环境保护的总体战略,完善和建立环境保护的执行、实施机制和程序体系;同时,应注重已参与和将要参与的FTAs和BITs的环境规则设计,理顺相关条约的关系,完善相关环境保护配套机制,形成系统化和标准化的体系规则。

The conflict and coordination between environment and trade is the focus of the current international society. The existing mechanisms and rules are mainly reflected in the WTO system,MEAs and RTAs,but there are still many key issues that cannot be resolved. The CPTPP Environmental Commitment reflects high standards and attempts to materially address the fragmented and vague shortcomings of existing rules. It also agreed on key issues such as subsidies for excessive fisheries fishing and IUU fishing,trying to strengthen the compliance of members with MEAs obligations,strengthening the species protection obligations of members and expanding the scope of protection. CPTPP has demonstrated many commitments and innovations in terms of related concepts and objectives,sovereign rights of parties in environmental regulations and measures,public participation systems and procedures,and dispute resolution procedures. China should improve and establish the implementation,implementation mechanism and procedure system of environmental protection in accordance with the overall strategy of economic development and environmental protection in domestic regulations. At the same time,we should pay attention to the environmental rules design of FTAs and BITs that have participated and will participate in the future,clear the relationship between relevant treaties,improve the relevant environmental protection supporting mechanisms,and form systematic and standardized system rules.