铝电解废阴极固体废物的处理技术

Disposal Technology of Wasted Cathode Solid from Aluminum Electrolysis Process

铝电解工业产生大量含氟化物、含氰化物的危险固体废弃物。综述了国内外处理废阴极的研究概况,废阴极固体废物的处理方法有火法、高温水解法、氧化法、酸碱法、浮选法等,阐述了各种方法的工艺过程、技术特点、技术难点。湿法处理可以回收炭材料和电解质达到资源利用的效果,湿法工艺需要进一步从精细化学、理论层面和分子水平控制反应条件研究。使用组合工艺浮选法+化学浸出法+火法可以回收炭和电解质。

A bunch of endangered solid wastes containing cyanide and fluoride produced from Aluminum electrolysis industry. The disposal technologies of the wasted cathode solid were reviewed from home and abroad. There were many ways including fire method, hydrolysis under high temperature, oxidization method, acid and alkaline-based method, flotation method, and so on. The engineering process and technological characteristics and difficulties of these above methods were presented. Wet disposal method could recycle carbon material. However, wet disposal method needs to do more research on accurately controlling the reaction situation from the aspects of fine chemistry, and theoretical level and molecular level. A comprehensive method combining floatation and chemical leaching and fire method could reuse carbon and electrolyte.