论卢卡奇作为对象性决定因素的“阶级意识”观

On Lukács’ View of Class Consciousness as the Determinant of Objectivity

在《历史与阶级意识》中,卢卡奇对其早期准备性探索做了肯定和梳理,更为具体地批判了资产阶级思想的二律背反,并将这种悖论认定为物化意识。卢卡奇认为,物化意识是现代市民社会即资产阶级社会的基于商品的对象性结构形式的意识表现,这种资产阶级意识形态遮蔽了对象性活动的赋形功能,造成了主体与客体的离散。他最终引入辩证法来尝试重建主体的统一性,指出只有无产阶级才有可能成就一种新的、不被绝对客体化的对象性活动意识,成为主客体统一的现实承担者。

In his book “History and Class Consciousness”, Lukács affirmed and analyzed his early preparatory exploration, criticized the antinomy of bourgeois thought more concretely, and regarded this paradox as the reified consciousness. Lukács believed that the reified consciousness is the expression of the objective structure of modern civil society (also as bourgeois society) which is based on the commodity economics. And this bourgeois ideology obscured the formative function of object-oriented activities, which resulted in the dispersion of subject and object. Eventually he introduced dialectics to reconstruct the unity of the subject, pointing out that only the proletariat can achieve a new sense of objectivity, which is not absolutely objectified, and become the real undertaker of the unity of subject and object.