中国旅游产业发展中的元问题及元治理研究

Research on Chinese Tourism Industry Meta-Problem from the Perspective of Meta-Governance

现代性催生旅游产业发展,旅游业作为一面审视人与现代性关系的明镜,其本身价值取向也应紧随"现代性",而当前旅游产业本身"现代性"缺失成为制约其发展的元问题所在。治理失灵,以及网络、市场和科层制三种治理形式混合共存,促使研究者以元治理的理论视角解决旅游产业发展中存在的元问题。而诸多案例验证了元治理的有效性,即使用"战略管理""软法""信任和价值观"的元治理工具对旅游产业发展的现代性进行重塑。

Modernity leads to the development of tourism industry. Tourism, as a mirror to examine the relationship between human and modernity, should follow the modernity of its own value orientation, and the lack of modernity in the current tourism industry itself becomes the meta problem that restricts its development. The failure of governance, as well as the combination of three forms of governance, network, market and bureaucracy, will help to solve the problems in the development of tourism industry in the perspective of the theory of meta governance. Numerous cases verify the effectiveness of meta governance, and use the “strategic management”,“soft law”, or “trust and values” as a meta-governance tool to remould the modernity of the tourism industry.