多功能介词“照着”的词汇化

The Lexicalization of Chinese Multifunctional Preposition “Zhaozhe”

现代汉语中“照着”是个多功能介词,兼表方向义和依据义。方向义“照着”来源于动词性结构“照(照射)+着(体标记)”,完成于明代;依据义介词“照着”在依据义介词“按着”词义渗透作用下形成,也完成于明代。“照着”的方向义与依据义在语义来源、演化路径、词汇化动因方面均不同,但在形成时间方面大致相同,因此二者没有相互衍生关系。方向义“照着”形成的认知语义动因是动作行为的方向转喻动作行为本身,句法环境动因是“多动词结构”;依据义“照着”的形成动因是同义介词“按着”的“同义渗透”和“平行虚化”作用。汉语史上,当某些虚词的意义在文献例证不足以清晰反映其发展演化过程时,“同义渗透”和“平行虚化”理论可以对其虚化途径作出相对合理的推断与解释。

“Zhaozhe” is a multifunctional preposition in modern Chinese. It has two kinds of grammatical meanings of prepositions, one is direction meaning, the other is basic meaning. Direction meaning is derived from the “Zhao (V)+ Zhe (aspectual marker)” in Ming dynasties, but basic meaning is derived from the synonymy penetration of “Anzhe” in Ming dynasties. The meaning and basis of the meaning of “Anzhe” is different in terms of semantic source, evolution path, and lexicalization motivation, but the formation time is approximately the same, so the two do not have derivative relations. The cognitive semantics motives formed by the direction of meaning “Anzhe” are the act of metonymic behavior itself, and the syntactic environmental motivation is the structure of several verbs;the motive for the formation of the basis “Anzhe” is the synonymous preposition “Anzhe” with the synonymy penetration and the paralleled grammar evolution effect. In the history of Chinese language, when the meaning of certain function words is not enough to clearly reflect the evolution and evolution of the literature, the theories of synonymy penetration and paralleled grammar evolution can make relatively reasonable inferences and explanations for their ambiguous approaches.