城市化对政党变革发展的影响研究——以英美城市化快速发展时期为例

Research on the Influence of Urbanization on the Change and Development of Political Parties——Take the Period of Rapid Urbanization in Britain and the United States as an Example

城市化作为衡量城市发展水平的重要维度,对政党变革产生了重大影响。本文截取城市化快速推进时期这一时间段,探讨城市化对英美政党变革发展的影响。研究发现,城市化引发城市社会阶级结构变化,中产阶级和工人阶级等经济地位的提升及其对政治权利的渴望推动了政党变革发展,不仅促进了选举制度改革,而且加强了政党组织发展。同时,城市化改变了传统城市发展格局,新兴城市与传统城市在城市政策需求等方面存在利益对峙和发展矛盾,城市化的地区差异不仅助推了政党活动范围拓展,而且推动了政党地域格局发展变化。

As an important dimension to measure the level of urban development, urbanization has a great impact on party reform. The paper studies the effects of urbanization on the development of political change in British and American based on the period of rapid urbanization, and finds that the urbanization causes the change of urban social class structure, the rise of economic status of middle class and working class whose desire for political rights, which promotes the development of political change, facilitates the electoral reform and the development of the party organization. At the same time, urbanization has changed the development pattern of traditional cities, emerging cities and traditional cities have interest’s confrontation and development contradiction in urban policy requirements and other aspects. The regional difference of urbanization not only boosts the expansion of the scope of party activities, but also promotes the development of the regional pattern of political parties.