广元千佛崖摩崖造像保护建筑试验段设计方案

The Experimental Structure of the Conservational Architecture of Qianfoya Cliff Inscriptions

四川广元千佛崖摩崖造像始建于1700年前,由于风化严重,2014年国家文物局审批通过了针对一小部分石窟的试验段工程,要求探索一种有效保护使其避免遭受风雨侵蚀的方法。设计延续了四川地区为石窟建设窟檐的传统,以监测数据为基础,利用现代建筑技术提供更有利于保护的物理环境,并使其融入整体景观环境。我们选择建造一层可以均匀透气的表皮,为石窟提供能呼吸的"皮肤"——瓦幕墙系统作为建筑的整体表皮——包括墙身和屋面,确保了空间的通透性。为了最低限度干扰文物本体,建筑结构生根于崖壁的平坎,靠悬臂系统形成保护棚罩,甚至不碰触石窟所在的崖壁,同时为减少施工对石窟所在崖壁带来的扰动,采用了深18米的人工挖孔桩,作为悬臂的根基。在建筑中设置了多媒体盒子,用多媒体手段同时近距离讲解石窟的价值,也为未来更先进的阐释手段预留了可能性。此工程是我国在石窟保护领域第一次尝试采用综合的现代建筑技术手段解决保护问题,是一次很有挑战性的尝试。到目前为止,监测数据表明这座建筑很有效的保护了石窟,同时它也为观赏者提供了更多的角度,建筑本身也成为了一处有趣的景观,吸引了很多年轻人来观赏古老的摩崖造像。

Qianfoym Cliff Inscriptions in Guangyuan, Sichuan Provinee date back to about 1700 years ago in North Wei Dynasty (4th Cn. AD). Due to their severe deterioration, the National Administration of Cultural Heritage firstly approved an experimental project of conservation architecture to protect a small portion of the inscriptions in 2014, the aim of which was to explore an effective method to prevent the grottos from erosion by wind and rain. The project has maintained the tradition of buildi ng shelters for the cliff in scriptions in Sichuan area, while the modern architectural tech no logies were applied, based on the analysis of the monitoring data, to create a protective physical environment for the ancient cliff inscriptions, and to be integrated into the Iandscape on site.