内蒙古自治区草原地区儿童变应性鼻炎流行病学调查

Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis in children in grassland of Inner mongolia

目的调查内蒙古自治区草原地区儿童变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)的自报患病率、临床特征、合并症以及室外花粉变应原的致敏情况.方法2015年5-8月期间采用多阶段、分层、随机、整群的方法调查内蒙古自治区草原6个地区的0~17岁儿童,采用面对面问卷调查形式调查人群的一般情况、AR的主要临床症状及相关症状、合并疾病情况,同时进行10种草原变应原皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)并监测该地区每天的花粉数量.应用SAS软件9.4进行数据处理.结果2443例儿童完成了问卷和SPT,儿童自报AR患病率为26.6%.男童患病率高于女童(28.8%比24.3%,χ^2=6.157,P<0.05);城市儿童的患病率高于农村(34.7%比18.8%,χ^2=79.107,P<0.05);6个地区AR患病率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ^2=221.416,P<0.05).儿童AR临床症状以喷嚏(88.2%)和鼻塞(78.6%)为主.AR合并支气管哮喘占16.5%(107/650),合并结膜炎占47.9%(311/650).AR症状高峰期主要出现在4月和7月,SPT显示主要变应原是蒿属和藜科花粉.结论内蒙古自治区草原地区儿童AR的患病率较高,喷嚏是儿童AR的主要临床症状,合并症中以结膜炎最多,夏秋季花粉暴露是引起AR的主要因素.

Objective To investigate the self-reported prevalence, clinical characteristics, complications of allergic rhinitis (AR) and the sensitization of outdoor air pollen allergens in children in the Inner mongolia grassland region. Methods A multistage, stratified and random clustered sampling with a face-to-face interview survey study in children from 0 to 17 years old was performed together with 10 common allergen skin prick tests (SPT) and measurements of the daily pollen count in 6 regions in the Inner mongolia grassland region from May to August of 2015. SAS 9.4 software was used for data analysis. Results A total of 2 443 subjects completed the study. The self-reported prevalence of AR was 26.6%. The prevalence of boys was higher than that of girls (28.8% vs 24.3%,χ^2=6.157, P<0.05). Subjects from urban areas showed higher prevalence than rural areas (34.7% vs 18.8%,χ^2=79.107, P<0.05). There was significant regional difference in the prevalence of AR among the six areas investigated (χ^2=221.416, P<0.05). The main clinical symptoms of AR were sneezing (88.2%) and nasal congestion (78.6%). Among combined diseases, asthma accounted for 16.5%(107/650), rhinoconjunctivitis accounted for 47.9%(311/650). The peak season of AR was April and July, with the top SPT positive allergens of Artemisia species and chenopodium in this area. Conclusions The prevalence AR in children in the Inner mongolia grassland region is extremely high. Sneezing is the main clinical symptom. Rhinoconjunctivitis is the most common combined disease. High summer and autumn pollen exposure is the main cause of AR.