辽宁地区油松花粉形态及生活力的测定

Determination of Pollen Morphology and Viability of Pinus tabulaeformis in Liaoning Province

为提高油松种子园果实产量,本研究以不同贮藏条件下的油松花粉为试材,采用染色法和培养基法测定花粉生命力,并在扫描电镜下观察油松花粉形态,测量花粉长度。结果表明:在-80℃下蔗糖和硼酸浓度分别为15.00%和0.01%时,花粉萌发率最高为53.55%。与染色法相比,培养基法更能直观准确测定有活性花粉与无活性花粉,数据可靠。扫描电镜观察油松花粉颗粒分为本体和气囊两部分;气囊一般有两个,分别位于花粉的远极面薄壁区两侧,花粉体近极面外壁加厚部分称为帽,其表面凸凹不平呈小瘤状,用游标卡尺测得油松花粉极轴长(P)为48.06~58.30μm,赤道轴长(E)为55.2~67.8μm。该研究结果为油松进行人工控制授粉提供理论基础,在林业生产上具有重要指导意义。

In order to increase the fruit yield of Pinus tabulaeformis orchard, the pollens of Pinus tabulaeformis under different storage conditions were used as test materials. We determined the vitality of pollen by staining and culture medium method, and observed the pollen morphology of Pinus tabulaeformis under scanning electron microscope to measure the pollen length. The results showed that the highest pollen germination rate was 53.55% when the sucrose and boric acid concentration were 15.00% and 0.01% at the temperature of -80℃. Compared with the dyeing method, the culture medium method can more directly and accurately determine the active pollen and inactive pollen, and the data was reliable. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe that the pollen grains of Pinus tabulaeformis were divided into two parts: the body and the airbag;There were two airbags, which were located on both sides of the thin-walled area on the far-polar face of pollen. The thickened part of the outer wall of the pollen body near the polar surface was called the cap, and its surface was uneven and small nodular. The polar axis length (P) of the pollen was 48.06~58.30 μm and the equatorial axial length (E) was 55.2~67.8 μm measured with a vernier caliper. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the artificial control pollination of Pinus tabulaeformis and has important guiding significance in forestry production.