市售玉米品种抗倒性评价及影响因素分析

The Evaluation and Influencing Factors Analysis of Lodging Resistance in Commercial Maize Cultivars

为了分析玉米倒伏主要影响因素和评价主栽玉米品种的耐密抗倒性,以‘郑单958’、‘郑单1002’和‘先玉335’等13个市售玉米品种为材料,种植在60 000株/hm^2、90 000株/hm^2和120 000株/hm^2 3个密度条件下,研究结果表明,玉米倒伏率与9个农艺性状指标和4个产量性状指标的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平,种植密度对上述13项指标均有显著或极显著的影响,且与倒伏率的相关系数达到0.427,13个玉米品种中,‘豫单606’、‘迪卡517’和‘郑单2265’耐密抗倒性较好,‘浚单20’耐密抗倒性最差。因此,可将上述与倒伏率显著相关的性状作为玉米抗倒性鉴定的指标,高密度种植时应选用‘豫单606’、‘迪卡517’和‘郑单2265’等耐密抗倒性较好的品种。本研究以期为玉米抗倒伏基因挖掘、种质利用和抗灾减灾等提供依据。

In order to analyze the main influencing factors of maize lodging and evaluate the density-tolerance and lodging-resistance in major maize cultivars, thirteen maize cultivars including 'Zhengdan 958','Zhengdan 1002' and 'Xianyu 335'were used as materials and planted under three density conditions of 60 000 plants/hm^2, 90 000 plants/hm^2 and 120 000 plants/hm^2. The results showed that the nine agronomic traits and four yield traits had significant or extremely significant correlation with the maize lodging rate;The effects of planting density on the above thirteen indices reached significant or extremely significant levels and the correlation coefficient between planting density and lodging rate was 0.427. There were better density-tolerance and lodging resistance in 'Yudan 606','Dika 517' and 'Zhengdan 2265', but the performance of 'Xundan 20' was the worst among the thirteen maize cultivars. Therefore, the above traits which were significantly relative to the lodging rate could be used as the identification parameters of the lodging resistance.Meanwhile, the 'Yudan 606','Dika 517','Zhengdan 2265' and other cultivarswith better densitytolerance and lodging resistance should be adopted under high density planting. This study was intended to provide a basis for the gene discovery, germplasmutilization oflodging-resistance and disaster resistance and reduction in maize.