典型化还是类型化:歌德和席勒关于艺术创作方法争论的现实意义

Typification or Typology:The Practical Significance of Goethe and Schiller’s Debate on the Method of Artistic Creation

一般与特殊之间的关系问题是艺术学理论研究中的核心问题。歌德和席勒关于艺术创作方法争论的焦点是“在特殊中显出一般”,还是“为一般而找特殊”。这种争论在美学史和艺术理论史上延续了两千多年。现在研究这个问题有了新的现实意义。第一,当代的艺术创作实践促使研究者对歌德当年所批评的艺术创作方法作出了颠覆性的理解。第二,当下的高中语文新课标把《歌德谈话录》推荐为必读书籍,这意味着在当代中国每年有几百万青少年加入到这本书的读者行列中,他们也会对这场争论作出思考。

The debate between Goethe and Schiller about the creative method is whether to"show the general in the special"or"find the special for the general".This debate has lasted for more than two thousand years in the history of aesthetics and art theory.Now the study has new practical significance.Firstly,contemporary artistic creation practices have prompted researchers to make a subversive understanding of the artistic creation methods that Goethe criticized at that time.Secondly,the introduction of"Goethe's speech"as a required book in the new high school Chinese curriculum means that millions of teenagers join the book's readership every year to ponder the debate.